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.72 0 TD
[(26,195\),)-641.3(which)-647(yielded)]TJ
-14.2668 -1.1116 TD
[(57,126)-296.9(calls.)-299.3(We)-299.4(were)-295.6(provided)-298.1(with)-299.3(forms)-300.2(for)-297(54,476)-291.2(inci-)]TJ
T*
[(dents,)-280.7(of)-284.4(which)-278.4(35,413)-279.6(were)-284(for)-285.5(IPV.)]TJ
1.0137 -1.1174 TD
[(The)-259.1(study)-258.9(was)-258.6(reviewed)-260.9(and)-257.9(approved)-258.8(by)-261.4(the)-258(Institutional)]TJ
-1.0137 -1.1116 TD
[(Review)-281.7(Board)-284.1(of)-278.6(the)-286.8(University)-283.9(of)-278.6(Pennsylvania.)]TJ
/F10 1 Tf
8.9663 0 0 8.9663 62.022 215.4897 Tm
[(Data)-337.7(management)]TJ
/F5 1 Tf
9.843 0 0 9.843 72 199.0488 Tm
[(The)-293.6(forms,)-297.9(collected)-297.2(in)-296.1(hard)-299.3(copy,)-291.2(were)-301.3(converted)]TJ
/F9 1 Tf
20.8041 0 TD
(via)Tj
/F5 1 Tf
1.5263 0 TD
(an)Tj
-23.3441 -1.1174 TD
[(emerging)-185.3(digitizatio)-9.5(n)-179.6(technology)-186.4(to)-186.6(electronic)-188.8(data)-185.4(that)-190.1(could)]TJ
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[(be)-205(used)-201.2(for)-204.8(research)-209(purposes.)-203.1(The)-201.5(digitizing)-208.7(rm)-200.2(reported)-207(an)]TJ
T*
[(accuracy)-337.1(rate)-329.4(of)-330.5(99%.)-330.4(Open-ended)-332.1(elds)-329(\()]TJ
/F9 1 Tf
17.3713 0 TD
(e.g)Tj
/F5 1 Tf
1.198 0 TD
[(.,)-329.4(the)-332.9(ofcers)]TJ
-18.5693 -1.1116 TD
[(description)-233.5(of)-226.8(the)-229.2(incident\))-225.7(were)-232.2(coded)-226.7(by)-226.8(a)-226.9(team)-232.7(of)-226.8(research)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(assistants.)-327.4(To)-325.9(ensure)-325.5(the)-321.4(quality)-326(of)-324.7(the)-321.4(coding,)-322.4(coders)-325.5(were)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(trained)-223.4(on)-215.3(a)-221.1(subset)-220.6(of)-215.3(the)-217.7(data)-220(until)-219(their)-220(work)-218.4(was)-224(deemed)-218.7(to)]TJ
T*
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[(1,000)-226.7(cases)-233.2(was)-224(double)-232.5(coded,)-224.4(feedback)-232.3(given)-231.4(to)-227(each)-226.8(coder,)]TJ
T*
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0 -1.1174 TD
[(of)-284.4(inter-rater)-286.6(reliability.)-283.6(And,)-278.3(nally,)-287.8(coders)-279.4(coded)-284.3(one)-280.9(eld)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(at)-285.7(a)-290.2(time)-289.3(\(quality)-286.8(is)-284.4(believed)-294.8(to)-284.6(be)-285.6(higher)-290.1(if)-284.5(coders)-290.9(focus)-288.7(on)]TJ
T*
[(one)-229.1(eld)-230.2(at)-228.1(a)-226.9(time\))-227(so)-226.6(multiple)-230.6(passes)-233(were)-226.4(made)-232.6(through)-226.7(the)]TJ
25.504 67.9242 TD
[(35,413)-354.5(records.)-347.3(The)-351.2(type)-351.3(and)-350(status)-353.2(of)-347.7(the)-350.2(offendervictim)]TJ
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[(relationship)-10.1(,)-222.3(injuries,)-220.9(and)-229.1(gun)-222.2(involvement)-223.4(were)-226.4(coded)-226.7(using)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(the)-252.3(relationship,)-255.4(body)-252.1(map,)-251(and)-252.1(narrative)-255.5(elds)-254.1(of)-249.8(the)-252.3(forms.)]TJ
1.0137 -1.1116 TD
[(Weapon)-523.8(use)-522.6(consisted)-530.5(of)-520.5(four)-522.7(categories:)-529.6(no)-520.6(weapon,)]TJ
-1.0137 -1.1116 TD
[(bodily)-364(weapon)-366.9(only)-361.6(\(hands,)-362.3(sts,)-364.5(or)-359.3(feet\),)-368.4(nongun)-358(external)]TJ
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[(weapon)-459.1(\(either)-459.5(alone)-463(or)-451.4(with)-460.6(a)-457.3(bodily)-456.1(weapon\),)-457.8(and)-459.5(gun)]TJ
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[(\(either)-223.3(alone)-226.8(or)-215.3(in)-221.2(conjunction)-222.2(with)-224.4(a)-221.1(bodily)-220(weapon,)-220.6(nongun)]TJ
T*
[(external)-237.2(weapon,)-232.1(or)-232.6(both\).)-227.9(Incidents)-236.9(were)-232.2(considered)-233.3(to)-232.7(have)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
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[(recorded)-196.5(by)-192.3(an)-193.4(ofcer.)-196.5(Whether)-196.7(a)-192.3(gun)-193.4(was)-195.2(red)-189.7(was)-195.2(noted)-196.9(but)]TJ
T*
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0 -1.1174 TD
[(use)46.5(\))-278.6(was)-287.4(not)-279.9(limited)-281.3(to)-278.8(shots)-281.7(being)-283.3(red.)]TJ
1.0137 -1.1116 TD
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-1.0137 -1.1116 TD
[(victim;)-194.9(shooting)-187.4(at)-187.8(but)-193.5(not)-187.7(hitting)-186.8(the)-188.9(victim;)-194.9(pistol)-191.1(whipping;)]TJ
T*
[(threat)-567.9(with)-564.2(hostile)-567.8(display)-567.6(\()]TJ
/F9 1 Tf
12.2394 0 TD
(e.g)Tj
/F5 1 Tf
1.198 0 TD
[(.,)-559.8()50.8(Compl.)-565.3([complainant])]TJ
-13.4374 -1.1174 TD
[(stated)-279.7(her)-275.1(exboyfriend)-273.7(came)-274.1(over)-276.2(her)-275.1(house)-271.4(to)-273(see)-276.1(their)-277.6(kids)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(and)-413.4(while)-411(he)-412.3(was)-408.3(there)-411.1(he)-412.3(showed)-411.6(the)-407.8(Compl.)-408.8(a)-411.2(gun)-412.2(and)]TJ
T*
[(stated)-412.2(This)-409.8(is)-405.3(for)-406.4(you)-406.5(and)-407.6(your)-407.6(new)-402.8(boyfriend.)-413.1(Then)-404.2(he)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(pulled)-388.2(the)-379(gun)-383.4(out)-377.8(of)-382.3(his)-383.4(waist.)-379.7(Male)-387.9(left)-380.2(w/o)-384.4(incident.)47.3(\),)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(threat)-239.6(without)-239.4(hostile)-239.5(display)-239.3(\()]TJ
/F9 1 Tf
12.2106 0 TD
(e.g)Tj
/F5 1 Tf
1.198 0 TD
[(.,)-237.3()50.8(The)-237.1(Compl.)-241.7(states)-239.2(shes)]TJ
-13.4086 -1.1116 TD
[(been)-289(separated)-290.9(from)-282(her)-286.7(husband)-285.1(for)-285.5(1)-283.3(year)-283.2(and)-286.7(he)-285.6(stated)-285.5(to)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(her)-292.4(that)-288.1(if)-290.3(she)-286.5(dates)-295.8(someone)-287.5(else)-288.9(he)-291.3(will)-287.9(shoot)-293.4(her)-286.7(with)-287.8(his)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(gun.)49.8(\),)-535.5(threat)]TJ
/F9 1 Tf
6.3011 0 TD
(via)Tj
/F5 1 Tf
1.7625 0 TD
[(telephone,)-529.7(text,)-533.4(or)-532.1(social)-527.4(media)-533.3(\()]TJ
/F9 1 Tf
14.5317 0 TD
(e.g)Tj
/F5 1 Tf
1.198 0 TD
(.,)Tj
-23.7933 -1.1116 TD
[()45(Compl.)-329.2(states)-331.3(offender)-333.6([childs)-332.5(father])-332.6(called)-332.9(her)-327(over)-333.8(the)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(phone)-231.3(and)-229.1(stated)-233.6(I)-226.8(am)-229.2(going)-230.3(to)-226.9(come)-232.6(over)-230.2(your)-229(house)-225.3(with)-230.2(a)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(gun)-337.4(and)-332.8(kill)-333.1(you.)54.5(\);)-337.4(gun)-331.6(was)-333.4(stolen)-336.1(or)-330.5(taken)-336.3(in)-330.6(context)-332.8(of)]TJ
T*
[(IPV)-320.8(incident;)-323.8(gun)-320.1(was)-321.9(recovered)-319.8(or)-318.9(transported)-325.5(\()]TJ
/F9 1 Tf
20.0495 0 TD
(e.g)Tj
/F5 1 Tf
1.198 0 TD
[(.,)-317.9(while)]TJ
-21.2476 -1.1116 TD
[(being)-346.6(questioned,)-345.2(the)-344.4(victim)-343.4(gave)-346.6(the)-338.7(police)-349(the)-338.7(offend)-7.7(ers)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(illegal)-252.5(gun\);)-247.5(the)-246.5(offender)-247.2(was)-252.8(carrying)-247.3(during)-248.6(the)-246.5(incident)-247.7(or)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(the)-188.9(gun)-187.6(was)-189.5(simply)-186.5(present)-188.5(during)-185.3(the)-188.9(incident)-190.1(\()]TJ
/F9 1 Tf
18.817 0 TD
(e.g)Tj
/F5 1 Tf
1.198 0 TD
[(.,)-185.4()50.8(Compl.)]TJ
-20.015 -1.1116 TD
[(states)-527.2(that)-518.4(she)-516.9(awoke)-521.3(in)-520.7(bed)-522.8(this)-517.1(morning)-521.7(with)-518.1(her)-522.8(ex-)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(boyfriend)-483.4(\(offender\))-474(on)-480.3(top)-475.7(of)-474.5(her)-476.7(choking)-475.5(her.)-480.2(He)-476.5(then)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(punched)-292.3(her)-286.7(twice)-285.4(on)-284.4(the)-286.8(left)-288(side)-287.7(of)-284.4(her)-286.7(face,)-287.8(scratched)-285.2(her)]TJ
T*
[(neck)-260.2(&)-255.7(stated)-262.4(Im)-253.2(gonna)-260.1(kill)-258.2(you)-256.7(bitch.)-253.3(Compl.)-259(observed)-258.6(a)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(blk)-297.2(handgun)-291.1(laying)-296(on)-290.2(the)-298.3(bed)-292.4(beside)-291.1(him.)-296.1(She)-292.3(screamed)-296.7(&)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(her)-240.6(sons)-240.2(came)-239.5(in)-232.7(the)-240.7(bedroom)-234.7(&)-238.5(pushed)-238(the)-240.7(offender)-235.7(off)-239.4(her.)]TJ
T*
[(He)-476.5(then)-478(ed)-470.8(residence)]TJ
/F9 1 Tf
10.0852 0 TD
(via)Tj
/F5 1 Tf
1.6991 0 TD
[(front)-472.1(door.)48.7(\);)-475.7(the)-476.9(victim)-470.2(was)]TJ
-11.7844 -1.1116 TD
[(fearfu)-8.8(l)-179.8(because)-190.7(the)-183.1(offender)-189.6(was)-183.7(known)-184.9(to)-180.9(have)-185.3(or)-186.5(carry)-186.3(a)-186.6(gun)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
(\()Tj
/F9 1 Tf
.3341 0 TD
(e.g)Tj
/F5 1 Tf
1.198 0 TD
[(.,)-248.8()50.8(Compl.)-248.6(states)-244.9(verbal)-250.9(dispute)-245.1(over)-247.4(custody)-250.7(issues)-249.2(with)]TJ
-1.5321 -1.1116 TD
[(daughter.)-337.2(States)-342.9(offender)-333.6(threatening)-338.5(and)-338.5(does)-333.7(carry)-336.1(a)-336.3(gun.)]TJ
T*
[(The)-247.6(ofcer)-244.9(spoke)-242.6(to)-244.2(offenders)-248.1(parole)-245.2(ofcer)-244.9(who)-240.3(is)-244(issuing)-243.7(a)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(warrant)-379.6(for)-371.9(his)-371.9(arrest)-371.7(for)-371.9(absconder.)-379.5(Does)-369.1(have)-375.3(number)-371.8(of)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(rearms)-414(violations)-409.9(per)-413.4(p/o)-406.6([parole)-413.3(ofcer].)49.1(\);)-412.3(and)-407.6(no)-411.1(gun)]TJ
T*
[(involvemen)-9.1(t.)]TJ
1.0137 -1.1174 TD
[(The)-581.6(form)-575.8(referred)-576.6(to)-578.3(the)-574.8(parties)-580.3(as)-579.1()50.8(offenders)43.5()-577(and)]TJ
-1.0137 -1.1116 TD
[()45(complainants)48.8()-185.4(rather)-181.8(than)-184.2(offenders)-184.7(and)-188.8(victims)-183.1(or)-180.7(suspects)]TJ
T*
[(and)-217.6(complainants.)-217.4(For)-216.2(the)-211.9(sake)-213.9(of)-215.3(simplicity)-215.5(we)-217.3(refer)-215.1(to)-215.4(them)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(as)-285.4(offenders)-282.7(and)-280.9(victims.)]TJ
/F10 1 Tf
8.9663 0 0 8.9663 313.0582 182.6078 Tm
[(Statistical)-342.4(analysis)]TJ
/F5 1 Tf
9.843 0 0 9.843 323.0361 166.1669 Tm
[(Standard)-558.2(simple)-556.2(descriptive)-557.2(statistics)-560.6(\(frequencies)-559.1(and)]TJ
-1.0137 -1.1116 TD
[(perce)-9(ntages\))-269.1(and)-269.4(a)-273(series)-267.8(of)-272.9(multivariate)-272(logistic)-275.2(regressions)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(were)-284(used)-281.8(to)-278.8(address)-280.3(the)-281.1(research)-283.9(questions.)-279.3(Although)-280.7(some)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(of)-249.8(the)-252.3(variables)-255.3(were)-249.5(gender)-250.8(linked)-249.9(\()]TJ
/F9 1 Tf
14.7045 0 TD
(e.g)Tj
/F5 1 Tf
1.198 0 TD
[(.,)-248.8(87.4%)-250.8(of)-249.8(the)-246.5(1,578)]TJ
-15.9025 -1.1116 TD
[(strangulatio)-10.1(ns)-295.7(and)-304(79.5%)-302.6(of)-295.9(the)-304.1(576)-297(gun-involve)-7.8(d)-300.6(incidents)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
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0 -1.1116 TD
[(on)-336.3(the)-338.7(policy)-336.3(implications)-334(of)-336.2(the)-338.7(research)-335.7(\()]TJ
/F9 1 Tf
17.7917 0 TD
(i.e)Tj
/F5 1 Tf
.9792 0 TD
[(.,)-335.2(policies)-339.6(are)]TJ
-18.7709 -1.1116 TD
[(enacted)-415.7(without)-417.9(regard)-412(to)-411.3(gender\))-413.2(and,)-411.1(thus,)-416.7(offender)-414.2(and)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(victim)-285.9(sex)-280.7(were)-284(treated)-282.1(as)-285.4(covariates.)]TJ
1.0137 -1.1116 TD
[(Diagnostic)-337(statistics)-335.9(calculated)-334(before)-337.2(the)-332.9(regressions)-330.7(in-)]TJ
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[(clude)-8(d)-381.2(correlation)-10.2(s)-386.8(and)-384.6(variance)-393.7(ination)-384.6(factors;)-391.3(all)-390.6(were)]TJ
/F3 1 Tf
8.9663 0 0 8.9663 62.022 749.6502 Tm
(250)Tj
48.952 0 TD
(SORENSON)Tj
ET
endstream
endobj
66 0 obj
<>stream
/GS1 gs
BT
/F5 1 Tf
9.843 0 0 9.843 59.7543 725.1588 Tm
0 0 0 rg
0 Tc
0 Tw
[(acceptable.)-586.1(Multinomial)-574.8(\(polytomous\))-578.9(logistic)-574.7(regression)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(was)-316.2(used)-316.4(to)-313.3(identify)-315.6(demographic)-322.2(characteristics)-323.1(associated)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(with)-535.4(weapon)-539.7(\(gun)-534.3(and)-534.4(other)-536.7(weapon\))-535(use.)-531.8(The)-535.6(analytic)]TJ
T*
[(technique)-290.1(allows)-285.2(for)-285.5(two)-280.8(comparisons)-291.9(central)-287.9(to)-278.8(the)-286.8(topic)-283.4(at)]TJ
T*
[(hand:)-271.7(we)-263.4(compared)-272.7(those)-265.8(who)-263.4(used)-270.3(a)-267.2(gun)-262.5(versus)-266.5(no)-267.1(weapon)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(and)-286.7(those)-288.8(who)-280.6(used)-287.6(a)-284.5(gun)-285.5(versus)-283.8(another)-286.6(weapon.)-289.7(The)-287.9(mul-)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(tivariate)-290.3(logistic)-286.8(regressions)-290.4(that)-282.3(followed)-287.5(took)-286.8(into)-281.1(account)]TJ
T*
[(multiple)-311.2(demographic)-310.7(and)-304(situational)-308.6(characteris)-12.2(tics)-305.1(associ-)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(ated)-254.5(with)-259(gun)-251(use.)-255.4(The)-253.3(key)-252.1(predictor)-260.1(variable)-254.4(of)-255.6(interest)-253.2(was)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(whether)-287.5(a)-278.7(gun)-279.8(was)-281.6(involved.)]TJ
1.0137 -1.1116 TD
[(As)-463.7(is)-468.7(common)-465.3(in)-463.1(administrative)-469.8(data,)-465.3(information)-464.1(was)]TJ
-1.0137 -1.1174 TD
[(missing)-204.6(for)-199.1(a)-203.8(substantial)-204.6(minority)-200.5(of)-198(the)-200.4(incidents.)-205.9(When)-203.7(data)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(were)-381.9(missing)-377.4(for)-377.6(a)-382.4(predictor)-375.3(variable,)-384.6(a)-376.6()50.8(not)-378.9(ascertained)44.3()]TJ
T*
[(category)-334.9(was)-327.7(included)-328.2(in)-330.6(the)-327.1(regressions.)-334.1(To)-325.9(assess)-330.7(the)-327.1(po-)]TJ
T*
[(tential)-361.9(effect)-367.3(of)-353.5(missing)-365.9(data)-358.2(in)-359.4(the)-361.7(outcome)-357(variable,)]TJ
/F9 1 Tf
22.6241 0 TD
(post)Tj
-22.6241 -1.1174 TD
(hoc)Tj
/F5 1 Tf
1.8316 0 TD
[(analyses)-386.4(were)-381.9(conducted,)-385.6(in)-382.5(which)-382.1(cases)-388.7(missing)-383.2(out-)]TJ
-1.8316 -1.1116 TD
[(come)-434.2(variable)-438.7(data)-433.1(were)-433.8(dropped)-435.1(and)-436.4(the)-430.8(regressions)-434.4(run)]TJ
T*
[(again.)-230.3(The)-224.5(results)-227.6(of)-226.8(the)-223.5(two)-223.2(regressions)-232.8(were)-226.4(compared)-226.6(and,)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(in)-532.2(each,)-529.7(the)-528.7(ndings)-531.6(were)-525.9(substantively)-535.2(and)-528.6(statistically)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(similar;)-449.2(the)-442.3(regressions)-445.9(using)-443.2(the)-448.1()50.8(not)-442.2(ascertained)44.3()-444.6(cate-)]TJ
T*
[(gories)-284.1(are)-282.1(reported)-281.9(herein.)]TJ
1.0137 -1.1174 TD
[(The)-391.6(data)-398.5(comprise)-392.4(the)-396.3(population)-392.7(of)-393.8(all)-390.6(calls)-393.8(for)-394.9(police)]TJ
-1.0137 -1.1116 TD
[(assistance)-274.5(in)-267.3(one)-269.4(city)-270.8(for)-268.2(1)-266(year)-271.6(and,)-267.1(as)-273.9(such,)-268(statistical)-275.2(tests)]TJ
T*
[(of)-370.8(signicance)-373.8(and)-373.1(condence)-371.5(intervals)-375.3(\(CIs\))-369.1(are)-374.2(not)-372.1(indi-)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(cated.)-392.7(Nevertheless,)-390.6(CIs)-384.2(are)-391.5(included)-385.8(for)-383.4(readers)-391.1(who)-384.3(nd)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(them)-260.3(useful.)-258.8(A)-261.2(Bonferroni)-260.9(correction)-262.4(was)-258.6(made)-261.4(to)-261.5(adjust)-255.5(for)]TJ
T*
[(multiple)-282.4(tests.)]TJ
/F3 1 Tf
8.9663 0 0 8.9663 59.7543 418.2802 Tm
(Results)Tj
/F5 1 Tf
9.843 0 0 9.843 69.7323 401.8393 Tm
[(Of)-417.7(the)-413.5(35,413)-412.1(IPV)-412.9(incidents,)-419.1(8,439)-416.8(\(23.8%\))-414.2(involved)-413.4(a)]TJ
-1.0137 -1.1174 TD
[(weapon;)-425.7(6,573)-422.5(\(18.6%\))-425.7(involved)-419.2(hands,)-424.6(sts,)-422.1(or)-422.6(feet;)-422.8(and)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(1,866)-388(\(5.3%\))-390.1(involved)-390.4(an)-389.3(external)-392.7(weapon)-389.9(\()]TJ
/F9 1 Tf
18.4771 0 TD
(i.e)Tj
/F5 1 Tf
.9791 0 TD
[(.,)-387(a)-388.2(weapon)]TJ
-19.4563 -1.1116 TD
[(other)-381.1(than)-380.1(hands,)-378.5(sts,)-381.8(or)-376.5(feet\).)-379.9(Of)-377.4(the)-379(latter,)-381.3(576)-383.4(\(30.9%\))]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(were)-232.2(guns,)-220.8(that)-224.7(is,)-230.2(1.6%)-220.9(of)-226.8(all)-223.6(incidents)-231.3(involved)-223.3(a)-226.9(gun.)-225.6(Most)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(of)-215.3(the)-217.7(incidents)-219.8(were)-220.7(male-on-female:)-220.9(63.4%,)-219.7(77.4%,)-213.9(50.2%,)]TJ
T*
[(and)-534.4(79.5%)-533(for)-527.4(incidents)-536.6(involving)-534.4(no)-532.1(weapon,)-531.6(a)-532.2(bodily)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(weapon,)-272.4(a)-261.4(nongun)-265.8(external)-271.7(weapon,)-266.7(and)-269.4(a)-267.2(gun,)-265.9(respectively.)]TJ
1.0137 -1.1116 TD
[(The)-328.2(1,290)-318.9(nongun)-329.2(external)-323.6(weapons)-327.5(included)-328.2(a)-324.8(wide)-323.4(va-)]TJ
-1.0137 -1.1116 TD
[(riety)-191.2(of)-192.2(available)-193.5(objects)-188.7(\(ash)-189.6(tray,)-193.4(baseball)-190.9(bat,)-186.6(bleach,)-192.2(brick,)]TJ
T*
[(cell)-220.1(phone,)-217.5(chair,)-218.7(knife,)-217.5(shoe,)-221.9(table)-215.4(leg,)-215.4(umbrella,)]TJ
/F9 1 Tf
19.8076 0 TD
(etc.)Tj
/F5 1 Tf
1.4284 0 TD
[(\);)-215.4(about)]TJ
-21.236 -1.1174 TD
[(15%)-269.3(were)-266.8(knives)-266.9(or)-267.1(items)-267.1(that)-265(could)-271.7(be)-262.5(used)-270.3(as)-262.4(a)-267.2(knife)-271.7(\(box)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(cutter,)-283.3(razor,)-281.9(scissors)-9.3(,)]TJ
/F9 1 Tf
9.0543 0 TD
(etc.)Tj
/F5 1 Tf
1.4226 0 TD
[(\).)-281(Of)-279.5(the)-286.8(576)-279.8(guns,)-278.4(more)-283.2(than)-282.2(half)]TJ
-10.4769 -1.1116 TD
[(\(54.0%\))-379.7(were)-382(reported)-379.8(to)-376.7(be)-377.7(simply)-382.3()50.8()0(a)-377.7(gun)47.5()-375.4(o)0(r)-376.5(t)0(o)-376.7(have)-381.1(a)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(limited)-252.5(description)-256.5(\()]TJ
/F9 1 Tf
8.15 0 TD
(e.g)Tj
/F5 1 Tf
1.198 0 TD
[(.,)-248.8(silver)-249.7(gun,)-254.4(0.22)-248.6(caliber\).)-252.1(More)-254.1(than)]TJ
-9.348 -1.1116 TD
[(one-third)-212.9(\(38.2%\))-212.6(were)-214.9(handguns;)-212.6(reports)-216.1(of)-209.5(long)-211.9(guns)-211.6(\(ries)]TJ
T*
[(and)-194.5(shotguns\))-193.9(and)-194.5(other)-196.8(guns)-188.5(\(nearly)-200.2(all)-194.8(were)-191.9(stun)-194.4(guns\))-195.4(were)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(in)-284.6(the)-281.1(single)-278.5(digits)-283.3(\(3.8%)-279.6(and)-280.9(4.0%,)-281.9(respectively\).)]TJ
/F10 1 Tf
8.9663 0 0 8.9663 59.7543 193.5496 Tm
[(How)-338.8(guns)-328.9(were)-336.2(used)]TJ
/F5 1 Tf
9.843 0 0 9.843 69.7323 177.1086 Tm
[(A)-180.5(gun)-181.9(or)-180.7(guns)-182.8(were)-186.1(physically)-180.6(present)-188.5(in)-180.9(two-thirds)-179.1(\(389)-182.9(of)]TJ
-1.0137 -1.1116 TD
[(576\))-206(of)-203.8(the)-206.2(gun-involved)-204.7(incidents)-208.3(\(Table)-206.1(1\).)-201.4(Guns)-206.7(were)-209.2(used)]TJ
T*
[(most)-449.1(often)-444.5(\(69.1%\))-448.8(to)-445.8(threaten)-450.3(or)-439.9(intimidate)-453(the)-442.3(intimate)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(partner;)-195.6(the)-194.7(gun)-187.6(was)-195.2(brandished)-191.8(in)-192.4(42.4%)-193.2(of)-186.5(the)-194.7(gun-involved)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(incidents,)-240.5(and)-240.6(the)-235(offender)-241.4(threatened)-240.5(to)-232.7(shoot)-235.8(the)-240.7(victim)-234(but)]TJ
T*
[(did)-216.5(not)-216.5(display)-216.3(a)-221.1(gun)-210.7(in)-215.4(26.7%)-216.2(of)-215.3(the)-217.7(incidents.)-223.2(About)-213.9(1)-214.2(i)0(n)-215.4(2)0(0)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(\(5.7%\))-378.6(of)-370.8(the)-373.2(victims)-378.9(in)-370.9(gun-involve)-7.8(d)-369.7(incidents)-375.3(was)-379.5(pistol)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(whipped.)-203.4(The)-195.7(offender)-201.1(shot)-200.2(the)-194.7(gun)-199.1(in)-198.2(about)-196.9(1)-196.9(i)0(n)-198.2(1)0(0)-198(\(9.9%\))-194.3(of)]TJ
T*
[(the)-304.1(gun-involve)-7.8(d)-300.6(incidents;)-307.4(in)-301.8(3.0%)-301.5(of)-307.4(the)-304.1(gun-involved)-302.6(in-)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(cidents)-286.6(an)-279.8(offender)-281.7(shot)-280.8(and)-280.9(hit)-280(the)-286.8(victim.)]TJ
1.0137 -1.1116 TD
[(The)-420.4(remaining)-416.9(15.3%)-417.8(of)-416.9(the)-413.5(gun-in)-6.7(volved)-416.8(incidents)-415.6(in-)]TJ
-1.0137 -1.1116 TD
[(cluded)-291.3(circumstances)-291.9(in)-290.3(which)-284.1(the)-286.8(gun)-285.5(was)-293.1(physically)-290(pres-)]TJ
25.5097 42.8868 TD
[(ent)-246.5(but)-251.1(not)-251.1(used)-247.3(\(9.6%\).)-249.5(These)-256.5(cases)-250.5(were)-249.5(a)-249.9(mix)-252.3(of)-249.8(incidents)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(in)-261.5(which)-261.1(a)-261.4(gun)-262.5(was)-264.3(recovered)-267.9(or)-261.3(in)-261.5(which)-261.1(the)-263.8(gun)-256.7(could)-266(and)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(might)-415.9(have)-415.7(been)-415.7(used)-420.1(but)-418.1(was)-414.1(not)-418.1(\()]TJ
/F9 1 Tf
15.3266 0 TD
(e.g)Tj
/F5 1 Tf
1.198 0 TD
[(.,)-415.8(the)-413.5(incident)-420.5(was)]TJ
-16.5246 -1.1116 TD
[(interrupted\).)-307.3(In)-307.4(the)-304.1(remaining)-313.2(5.7%)-307.3(of)-301.7(the)-309.9(incidents)-306.2(consid-)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(ered)-415.6(to)-411.3(involve)-418.1(a)-411.2(gun,)-415.7(the)-413.5(victim)-418.3(was)-414.1(fearful)-413.2(because)-421.1(the)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(offender)-350.9(was)-350.7(known)-346.2(to)-353.7(have)-346.6(or)-347.7(to)-347.9(carry)-353.3(a)-347.8(gun.)-352.3(Whether)-352.2(to)]TJ
T*
[(include)-390.4(in)-388.2(the)-390.5(analysis)-391.2(these)-387.9(33)-393.9(cases)-388.7(in)-388.2(which)-393.6(the)-384.7(victim)]TJ
T*
[(feared)-395.9(the)-390.5(possibility)-392.5(of)-393.8(gun)-389.2(use)-390.2(would)-392.4(depend)-394.8(largely)-396.2(on)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(the)-494.2(goal)-501(of)-497.5(the)-494.2(resear)-9.8(ch.)-496.4(They)-496.3(might)-496.6(not)-498.8(be)-498.7(included)-501(if)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(the)-442.3(analy)-8(sis)-440.8(was)-448.6(conducted)-451.3(from)-443.3(a)-445.8(criminal)-450.5(charges)-448.7(\(law)]TJ
T*
[(enforcement\))-324.4(perspective.)-325.5(They)-323.6(likely)-319.2(would)-317.5(be)-325.9(included)-322.4(if)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(the)-384.7(purpose)-383(was)-391(to)-382.5(elucidate)-389.3(the)-384.7(experience)-391.3(of)-382.3(the)-384.7(victim.)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(Both)-506.7(perspectives)-513(are)-506.7(relevant)-507.9(here.)-505.5(Analyses)-512.8(were)-508.7(con-)]TJ
T*
[(ducted)-297(with)-299.3(all)-298.5(cases)-296.6(in)-296.1(which)-301.4(a)-296(gun)-297(was)-298.9(mentioned)-296(and,)-301.6(to)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(test)-357(the)-361.7(robustness)-357.3(of)-359.3(the)-355.9(ndings)-358.8(and)-355.8(the)-361.7(relevance)-361.4(of)-359.3(the)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[()50.8(fearful)45.4()-214.2(cases,)-225.1(with)-218.6(the)-217.7(latter)-222.4(being)-219.9(recoded)-218.5(as)-222()50.8(no)-216.4(weapon)]TJ
T*
[(involved.)48.6()-323.6(The)-328.2(direction,)-327.1(magnitude,)-334(and)-327(statistical)-327(signi-)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(cance)-321.2(of)-318.9(the)-321.4(two)-321.1(sets)-322.1(of)-319(ndings)-324.3(were)-318.6(consistent.)-327.8(Thus,)-319.9(the)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(decision)-368.3(was)-362.2(made)-365.1(to)-365.2(include)-367.4(the)-367.5()50.8(fearful)45.4()-363.9(cases)-365.7(as)-366()50.8(gun)]TJ
T*
[(involved)52()-283.3(i)0(n)-278.8(the)-281.1(analyses)-288.5(reported)-281.9(herein.)]TJ
/F10 1 Tf
8.9663 0 0 8.9663 310.8472 248.3716 Tm
[(Who)-332.7(used)-335.2(guns)]TJ
/F5 1 Tf
9.843 0 0 9.843 320.8251 231.9306 Tm
[(Several)-339.4(demographic)-345.2(and)-338.5(contextual)-343.2(characteristics)-346.1(were)]TJ
-1.0137 -1.1174 TD
[(used)-270.3(to)-273(examine)-277.5(the)-275.3(correlates)-280.6(of)-272.9(gun)-268.2(use:)-276.2(the)-275.3(sex,)-272.6(race,)-276.2(and)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(ethnicity)-352.6(of)-347.7(the)-344.4(victim)-349.2(and)-350(offender;)-352.1(the)-350.2(nature)-348.9(of)-347.8(their)-352.5(re-)]TJ
T*
[(lationship;)-457.2(whether)-460.3(the)-459.6(offender)-460.3(was)-460.2(on)-457.2(probation,)-458.2(had)-453.7(a)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(pending)-325.8(criminal)-329.5(case,)-327.9(or)-324.7(had)-327(a)-324.8(history)-324.5(of)-324.7(substance)-329.9(abuse;)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(whether)-489.1(witnesses)-485.1(\(including)-484.8(children\))-490.5(were)-485.6(present;)-489.2(and)]TJ
T*
[(whether)-379.6(there)-388.1(was)-379.5(a)-382.4(history)-382.1(of)-376.5(IPV,)-381.8(prior)-380(IPV)-384.1(reports)-383.1(had)]TJ
T*
[(been)-242.9(made)-238.3(to)-238.5(police,)-243(and)-240.6(a)-238.4(restraining)-245(order)-242.8(was)-241.3(ever)-242.8(issued.)]TJ
1.0137 -1.1174 TD
[(W)13.9(h)0(e)19.7(n)-294.8(th)20.7(es)19.9(e)-296(c)0(o)19.7(v)0(a)19.7(r)0(i)20.7(a)0(t)19.5(e)0(s)-285.4(w)0(e)18.8(r)0(e)-285.6(t)0(a)19.5(k)0(e)19.7(n)-289.1(in)15(to)-278.8(ac)18.5(co)19.7(un)20.8(t)-295(i)0(n)-284.5(a)-290.2(mu)19.6(lt)20.6(i-)]TJ
-1.0137 -1.1116 TD
[(no)20.8(mi)19.5(al)-256.9(\(p)20.9(ol)20.7(yt)14.9(om)19.6(ou)20.8(s\))-255.4(lo)20.7(gi)20.7(st)15.1(ic)-256.9(re)19.7(gr)20.9(es)19.9(si)15.1(on)20.8(,)-262.6(t)0(h)14.9(e)-267.2(us)21(e)-267.2(o)0(f)-255.6(a)-267.2(gu)20.8(n)-271.8(\()0(v)20.9(s)0(.)]TJ
T*
[(no)-267.1(we)18.8(ap)19.7(on)15.1(\))-277.5(w)0(a)18.8(s)-283.1(m)15(o)0(r)15.1(e)-278.7(co)19.7(mm)18.4(on)-267.1(wh)20(en)-274.1(th)20.7(e)-278.7(o)0(f)15.1(f)0(e)19.7(n)0(d)20.8(e)0(r)-268.3(w)0(a)18.8(s)-283.1(ma)18.4(le)19.5(,)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(ha)19.7(d)-329.4(a)-324.8(hi)20.7(st)15.1(or)20.9(y)-329.4(o)0(f)-313.2(s)0(u)15.3(b)0(s)21(t)0(a)19.5(n)0(c)19.7(e)-330.6(ab)19.7(us)21(e,)-316.7(an)19.7(d)-329.4(w)0(a)18.8(s)-329.2(on)-319(pr)20.9(ob)20.8(at)19.6(io)20.7(n)-329.4(\()0(a)19.7(d)0(-)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(ju)20.7(st)20.9(ed)-291.3(od)20.8(ds)-284.2(ra)19.7(ti)20.6(o)-300.6([)0(A)20(O)0(R)18.9(])]TJ
/F6 1 Tf
9.78 0 TD
(=)Tj
/F5 1 Tf
.7084 0 TD
[(1.)18.5(75)20.8(,)-297.2(1)0(.)18.5(6)0(8)20.8(,)-297.2(an)19.7(d)-294.8(1)0(.)18.5(6)0(4)20.8(,)-297.2(re)19.7(sp)21(ec)18.5(ti)20.6(ve)13.9(ly)20.7(\),)]TJ
-10.4884 -1.1116 TD
[(wh)20(en)-262.6(th)20.7(e)-273(v)0(i)20.7(c)0(t)19.5(i)0(m)-262.7(w)0(a)18.8(s)-271.6(no)20.8(n-)20.9(Hi)14.1(sp)21(an)19.7(ic)-262.7(Bl)19.7(ac)18.5(k)-271.8(o)0(r)-261.4(H)0(i)19.8(s)0(p)21(a)0(n)13.9(i)0(c)19.5(,)-268.4(th)20.7(e)-273(r)0(e)19.7(-)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(la)19.6(ti)20.6(on)20.8(sh)21(ip)-169.4(ha)19.7(d)-173.9(e)0(n)13.9(d)0(e)19.7(d)0(,)-165.8(a)0(n)19.7(d)-173.9(wi)19.8(tn)20.7(es)14.1(se)19.9(s)-173.7(w)0(e)18.8(r)0(e)-170.4(p)0(r)20.9(e)0(s)19.9(e)0(n)19.7(t)-179.8(\(A)20(OR)]TJ
/F6 1 Tf
21.6219 0 TD
(=)Tj
/F5 1 Tf
.7084 0 TD
[(2.)18.5(11)20.8(,)]TJ
-22.3304 -1.1116 TD
[(1.)24.3(73)15.1(,)-187.7(1)0(.)18.5(4)0(8)20.8(,)-193.5(an)19.7(d)-191.2(3)0(.)18.5(1)0(3)20.8(,)-187.7(re)14(sp)21(ec)18.5(ti)20.6(ve)19.7(ly)20.7(\).)-183(Th)19.6(es)19.9(e)-192.3(a)0(n)19.7(d)-191.2(al)19.5(l)-197.1(o)0(t)20.7(h)0(e)19.7(r)-191.1(n)21(di)20.7(ng)20.8(s)]TJ
T*
[(re)19.7(po)20.8(rt)20.7(ed)-348.9(fo)20.9(r)-358.2(t)0(h)14.9(e)-353.6(an)13.9(al)19.5(ys)21(is)-347.7(of)-347.8(wh)20(o)-358.2(u)0(s)21(e)0(d)-348.9(a)-359.4(gu)20.8(n)-358.2(a)0(r)14(e)-353.6(st)15.1(at)19.5(is)20.9(ti)20.6(ca)18.5(ll)20.6(y)]TJ
ET
310.847 709.512 239.074 .22681 re
f
310.847 516.642 239.074 .22675 re
f
310.847 690.803 239.074 .28345 re
f
BT
/F8 1 Tf
9.845 0 0 9.845 317.2534 725.1588 Tm
(Table)Tj
/F5 1 Tf
3.0002 0 TD
(1.)Tj
/F8 1 Tf
1.2496 0 TD
[(Nature)-336(of)-337(Gun)-334.4(Involvement)-336.2(in)-331.6(Intimate)]TJ
-.2764 -1.0135 TD
[(Partner)-330.2(Violence)-338.1(Cases)]TJ
/F5 1 Tf
11.3731 0 TD
(\()Tj
/F11 1 Tf
.334 0 TD
(n)Tj
/F6 1 Tf
.7774 0 TD
(=)Tj
/F5 1 Tf
.7198 0 TD
(576\))Tj
2.6835 -1.8427 TD
(n)Tj
/F9 1 Tf
2.4819 0 TD
(%)Tj
/F5 1 Tf
-22.9939 -1.8946 TD
[(Shot)-332.2(or)-336(pistol)-334.5(whipped)-331.6(\()]TJ
/F9 1 Tf
10.0084 0 TD
(n)Tj
/F6 1 Tf
.668 0 TD
(=)Tj
/F5 1 Tf
.7198 0 TD
[(90;)-331.4(15.6%\))]TJ
-10.3999 -1.0135 TD
[(Shot)-338(gun)-331.2(\(victim)-338(not)-331.4(hit\))-9264(40)-1522.2(6.9)]TJ
T*
[(Hit)-338.1(victim)-331.3(with)-339.1(gun)-331.2(\(pistol)-335.5(whipped\))-4369.3(33)-1522.2(5.7)]TJ
0 -1.0077 TD
[(Shot)-338(gun)-331.2(\(victim)-338(hit\))-10876.4(17)-1522.2(3.0)]TJ
-.9962 -1.3187 TD
[(Threatened)-338.4(\()]TJ
/F9 1 Tf
5.1884 0 TD
(n)Tj
/F6 1 Tf
.6622 0 TD
(=)Tj
/F5 1 Tf
.7198 0 TD
[(398;)-332.4(69.1%\))]TJ
-5.5743 -1.0135 TD
[(Brandished/threatened)-346.1(in)-330.4(person)]TJ
.9962 -1.0077 TD
[(\(gun)-332.2(shown\))]TJ
18.0185 1.0077 TD
[(244)-1022.2(42.4)]TJ
-19.0147 -2.0212 TD
[(Threatened)-338.4(in)-336.2(person)-335.2(\(no)-331.2(gun)-337(shown\))]TJ
.9962 -1.0135 TD
[(to)-330.4(shoot)]TJ
18.0185 1.0135 TD
[(102)-1022.2(17.7)]TJ
-19.0147 -2.027 TD
(Threatened)Tj
/F9 1 Tf
4.8545 0 TD
(via)Tj
/F5 1 Tf
1.5663 0 TD
[(phone/email/text)-333.7(to)-336.2(shoot)-2723(52)-1522.2(9.0)]TJ
-7.417 -1.3129 TD
[(Other)-335.4(\()]TJ
/F9 1 Tf
2.9484 0 TD
(n)Tj
/F6 1 Tf
.6622 0 TD
(=)Tj
/F5 1 Tf
.7198 0 TD
[(88;)-337.1(15.3%\))]TJ
-3.3342 -1.0135 TD
[(Victm)-336.7(fearful)-337.7(because)-339.7(offender)-332.7(known)]TJ
.9962 -1.0077 TD
[(to)-330.4(have)-334.5(or)-336(carry)-335.5(gun)]TJ
18.5195 1.0077 TD
[(33)-1522.2(5.7)]TJ
-19.5157 -2.0213 TD
[(Just)-337.8(there)-335.7(during)-334.4(the)-332.6(incident/was)-339.2(carrying)-2025.9(24)-1522.2(4.2)]TJ
0 -1.0135 TD
[(Gun)-337.8(stolen/taken)-338.4(in)-330.4(context)-337.9(of)-330.2(IPV)-337.6(incident)-1525.3(16)-1522.2(2.8)]TJ
T*
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T*
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[(34)20.8(.5)-459.5(ye)19.7(ar)19.7(s\))-462.7(wa)18.8(s)]TJ
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T*
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T*
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T*
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T*
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T*
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T*
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T*
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T*
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T*
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T*
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T*
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T*
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0 -1.1174 TD
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T*
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[(weapon)-735.5(\(AOR)]TJ
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[(34.22;)-729(99.86%)-735.7(CI)]TJ
/F6 1 Tf
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[(24.2848.22\),)-729.7(their)]TJ
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10.1428 0 TD
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[(20.98,)-189.8(99.86%)-188.6(CI)]TJ
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(14.7229.91\),)Tj
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[(or)-255.6(a)-249.9(nongun)-254.3(weapon)-257.5(\(AOR)]TJ
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11.0126 0 TD
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[(9.36,)-252.1(99.86%)-257.7(CI)]TJ
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(6.2314.06\).)Tj
ET
333.978 56.636 .22678 675.893 re
f
486.992 56.636 .22675 675.893 re
f
352.63 56.636 .28345 675.893 re
f
BT
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0 9.845 -9.845 -0 328.5353 147.0614 Tm
(Table)Tj
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3.0002 0 TD
(2.)Tj
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1.2496 0 TD
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41.6228 0 TD
(\()Tj
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(n)Tj
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(=)Tj
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60.4302 0 TD
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[(presented)-284(here.\))]TJ
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[(Observations)-361.8(of)-353.5(the)-355.9(scene)-360.1(and)-355.8(the)-355.9(offender)-356.6(also)-356.8(differed)]TJ
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[(ses)-585.8(\(Table)-586.2(5\).)-587.3(Property)-585.8(damage)-581.5(and)-586.2(disarray)-587(were)-583.5(less)]TJ
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[(a)-284.5(nongun)-277.3(weapon)-286.3(\(vs.)-277.2(gun\))-280.8(was)-287.4(involved.)]TJ
1.0137 -1.1174 TD
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[(2.65)-5.1(;)-293.2(9)-5.1(9.86)-5.1(%)-294.2(C)-6.1(I)]TJ
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[(1)-5.4(.)-2(91)-5.4(3.66)-5.4(;)-293.5(g)-5.4(un)]TJ
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[(1)-5.3(.)-1.9(47;)-184(99)-5.3(.86%)-184.9(CI)]TJ
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[(1.0)-5.3(52)-5.3(.06;)-184(g)-5.3(u).4(n)-183.9(v).4(s.)]TJ
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[(1.8)3.7(4)3.7(;)-209.5(99)3.7(.8)3.7(6%)-210.4(CI)]TJ
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[(18.3062.12\))-403.8(or)]TJ
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[(who)-292.2(used)-293.4(a)-290.2(bodily)-294.8(weapon)-292(\(AOR)]TJ
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(1.56)Tj
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[(5.04\).)-385.6(Those)-393.6(who)-390.1(used)-385.5(a)-393.9(gun)-383.4(and)-390.4(those)-392.5(who)-390.1(used)-391.3(another)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(\(nongun\))-285.2(external)-283.2(weapon)-286.3(did)-285.7(not)-285.7(differ)-284.3(statistically)-289(in)-284.5(their)]TJ
T*
[(threatening)-563.1(behavior)-564.2(on)-560.9(the)-563.3(scene)-561.7(\(AOR)]TJ
/F6 1 Tf
17.8954 0 TD
(=)Tj
/F5 1 Tf
.72 0 TD
[(1.61;)-560.9(99.86%)]TJ
-18.6154 -1.1174 TD
(CI)Tj
/F6 1 Tf
1.1635 0 TD
(=)Tj
/F5 1 Tf
.72 0 TD
(0.843.08\).)Tj
/F10 1 Tf
8.9663 0 0 8.9663 310.8472 336.0188 Tm
(Intervention)Tj
/F5 1 Tf
9.843 0 0 9.843 320.8251 319.5779 Tm
[(Table)-187.7(6)-185.4(reports)-193.1(what)-185.1(ofcers)-193.9(did)-187.7(at)-187.8(the)-188.9(scene.)-190.8(Ofcers)-189(were)]TJ
-1.0137 -1.1116 TD
[(substantially)-189.7(more)-191.1(likely)-192.5(to)-186.6(arrest)-193.1(an)-187.7(offender)-195.4(if)-186.6(a)-186.6(weapon)-194.1(had)]TJ
T*
[(been)-415.7(used;)-421.3(this)-413.4(nding)-421.3(held)-414.6(regardless)-423.1(of)-416.9(whether)-419.9(the)-419.3(of-)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(fender)-440.8(was)-442.9(on)-439.9(the)-442.3(scene.)-444.2(Offenders)-444.8(who)-441.9(did)-441.2(not)-441.2(use)-442(any)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
.0074 Tc
[(we)-6.4(ap)-5.2(on)-408.4(w)-6.1(e)-6.4(re)-409.6(s)-5(u).5(b)-5.2(s)-5(ta)-6.4(nt)-5.3(ia)-6.4(ll)-5.3(y)-408.4(l)-5.3(es)-5(s)-408.2(l).4(i)-5.3(k)-5.2(el)-5.3(y)-408.4(t).4(o)-408.4(b)-5.2(e)-409.6(a)-.6(r)-5.2(r)-5.2(e)-.6(s)-5(t).4(e)-6.4(d)-408.4(th)-5.2(an)]TJ
T*
.0118 Tc
[(t)4.8(h)-.8(o)4.9(s)-.6(e)-336(w)4.1(ho)-329.1(us)5.1(ed)-329.1(a)-336(g)-.8(u)4.9(n)-.8(,)-331.5(w)4.1(hereas)-334.7(t)4.8(h)-.8(e)-330.3(o)-.8(d)4.9(d)-.8(s)-334.7(o)4.9(f)-334.8(b)4.9(ei)4.8(ng)-329.1(arr)5(e)-2(s)5.1(t)-.9(ed)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
.0123 Tc
[(wer)5.5(e)-301(n)5.4(o)-.3(t)-294.2(s)5.6(tat)5.3(i)-.4(s)5.6(tical)5.3(ly)-294.1(d)5.4(i)-.4(ff)5.5(er)5.5(en)5.4(t)-300(f)5.5(or)-294(th)5.4(os)5.6(e)-295.2(w)-1.2(h)5.4(o)-299.8(u)5.4(s)-.1(ed)-299.8(a)-295.2(b)5.4(od)5.4(il)5.3(y)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(weapo)5.4(n)-282.5(r)5.5(a)-1.5(t)5.3(h)-.3(er)-276.8(t)5.3(h)-.3(an)-276.8(a)-277.9(g)-.3(u)5.4(n)-.3(.)-279.1(T)4.2(he)-277.9(od)5.4(ds)-276.6(of)-276.7(bein)5.4(g)-276.8(a)-1.5(rr)5.5(es)5.6(ted)-282.5(w)4.6(er)5.5(e)]TJ
T*
.0124 Tc
[(h)5.5(i)-.3(g)5.5(h)-.2(er)-265.1(fo)5.5(r)-270.9(t)-.3(h)5.5(o)-.2(se)-266.3(wh)5.5(o)-270.9(u)-.2(s)5.7(e)-1.4(d)-265.2(a)-272.1(no)5.5(ng)5.5(un)-265.2(ext)5.4(e)-1.4(r)5.6(n)-.2(al)-271.1(weap)5.5(on)-265.2(\(vs)5.7(.)-273.3(a)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
.0123 Tc
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0 -1.1116 TD
.0117 Tc
[(mor)4.9(e)-330.4(li)4.7(kely)-323.5(to)-329.2(b)4.8(e)-330.4(i)4.7(m)-2.1(med)4.8(i)-1(ately)-329.2(a)3.7(rr)4.9(est)4.7(e)-2.1(d)-323.5(a)-2.1(n)4.8(d)-329.2(remo)4.8(ved)-329.2(f)4.9(rom)]TJ
T*
.0118 Tc
[(t)4.8(h)-.8(e)-278.4(s)-.6(cen)4.9(e)-278.4(for)-277.2(an)-277.3(unk)4.9(no)4.9(wn)-277.3(ti)4.8(me.)]TJ
1.0137 -1.1174 TD
0 Tc
[(In)-186.5(terms)-197.9(of)-186.5(other)-196.8(intervention)-194.6(and)-188.8(prevention,)-195.6(ofcers)-193.9(were)]TJ
-1.0137 -1.1116 TD
[(roughly)-232.4(equal)-8(ly)-232.7(likely)-238.5(to)-232.7(give)-236.1(information)-239.5(about)-237.2(resources)-243.3(to)]TJ
T*
[(victims)-574.7(regardless)-578.6(of)-572.4(weapon)-574.3(involvement;)-576(none)-575.8(of)-572.4(the)]TJ
T*
[(multivariate)-335.3(comparisons)-337.9(regarding)-334.9(information)-337.4(giving)-335.2(was)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(statistically)-277.5(signicant.)-276(Other)-272.6(on-the-scene)-282.7(ofcer)-273.7(behaviors)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(were)-376.2(more)-375.4(common)-373.1(when)-375.1(the)-373.2(offender)-373.9(used)-374(a)-376.6(gun)-371.9(\(vs.)-375.1(no)]TJ
T*
[(weapon\):)-219.5(Ofcers)-223.6(were)-220.7(more)-219.9(likely)-221.3(to)-221.2(take)-220(statements,)-220.8(check)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(the)-471.1(statewide)-475.2(registry)-470.7(of)-468.7(restraining)-475.3(orders,)-471.7(and)-471(to)-468.9(check)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(whether)-264.4(the)-258(offender)-264.5(and)-257.9(victim)-262.8(had)-257.9(a)-261.4(permit)-262.7(to)-255.7(carry)-266.9(a)-255.7(gun.)]TJ
T*
[(Regardless)-286(of)-290.1(whether)-287.5(the)-281.1(offender)-287.5(was)-287.4(present,)-289.8(the)-286.8(odds)-286.4(of)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(the)-390.5(victim)-389.5(being)-386.9(transported)-394.6(to)-388.2(a)-388.2(hospital)-396.1(\(a)-389.2(process)-389.8(often)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(facilitated)-414.8(by)-405.4(the)-413.5(ofcers\))-408.1(were)-416.5(substantially)-408.6(higher)-411.1(if)-411.2(the)]TJ
T*
[(offender)-437.3(had)-436.4(used)-437.3(a)-434.2(bodily)-438.8(weapon)-441.8(\(AOR)]TJ
/F6 1 Tf
18.0221 0 TD
(=)Tj
/F5 1 Tf
.72 0 TD
[(2.69;)-434.2(99.86%)]TJ
ET
59.754 719.49 490.167 .22668 re
f
59.754 529.568 490.167 .28345 re
f
59.754 691.823 490.167 .22681 re
f
BT
/F8 1 Tf
9.845 0 0 9.845 74.2677 725.1588 Tm
(Table)Tj
/F5 1 Tf
3.0002 0 TD
(3.)Tj
/F8 1 Tf
1.2496 0 TD
[(Offender)-340.3(Behavior)-332.2(During)-337.3(the)-332.4(Incident,)-336.1(All)-332(Incidents,)-336.9(by)-330(Weapon)-338.3(Involvement)]TJ
/F5 1 Tf
37.6782 0 TD
(\()Tj
/F11 1 Tf
.334 0 TD
(n)Tj
/F6 1 Tf
.7774 0 TD
(=)Tj
/F5 1 Tf
.7198 0 TD
(35,413\))Tj
/F9 1 Tf
9.347 0 0 9.347 139.6346 698.0597 Tm
[(Threatened)-1846(Stalked)-1853.8(Imprisoned)]TJ
17.626 1.0129 TD
(Injured)Tj
-.2002 -1.0129 TD
[(children)-2184.5(Broke)-336.4(in)]TJ
11.6091 1.0129 TD
(Threw)Tj
-.1456 -1.0129 TD
(objects)Tj
5.0828 1.0129 TD
(Damaged)Tj
.2184 -1.0129 TD
(property)Tj
5.6287 1.0129 TD
(Violated)Tj
.7824 -1.0129 TD
(PFA)Tj
/F5 1 Tf
-49.1478 -1.9045 TD
[(Overall)-7443.6(9.3)-4105.7(2.1)-4360.5(0.8)-4354.4(0.7)-4354.4(1.5)-4603.1(4.9)-4360.5(7.2)-4105.7(5.0)]TJ
0 -1.0129 TD
[(No)-334.7(weapon,)-337.8(%)-4365(6.6)-4105.7(1.5)-4360.5(0.1)-4354.4(0.3)-4354.4(0.8)-4603.1(2.0)-4360.5(4.5)-4105.7(4.6)]TJ
T*
[(Bodily)-335(weapon,)-337.8(%)-2357.4(12.4)-4103.1(4.2)-4360.5(3.2)-4354.4(2.2)-4354.4(3.7)-4105.7(11.2)-3854.4(14.9)-4109.1(6.7)]TJ
T*
[(Other)-341.2(weapon,)-331.8(%)-2806.2(21.1)-4103.1(2.8)-4360.5(3.1)-4354.4(0.6)-4354.4(3.9)-4105.7(32.8)-3854.4(22.3)-4109.1(5.2)]TJ
T*
[(Gun,)-336.8(%)-6815.5(74.0)-4103.1(5.9)-4360.5(2.3)-4354.4(1.7)-4354.4(3.6)-4603.1(9.0)-3857(11.4)-4109.1(7.5)]TJ
/F12 1 Tf
T*
(v)Tj
/F5 1 Tf
7.0101 0 0 6.2305 64.4598 637.0581 Tm
(2)Tj
9.347 0 0 9.347 71.0929 632.9195 Tm
(test)Tj
/F9 1 Tf
1.7286 0 TD
(p)Tj
/F5 1 Tf
.831 0 TD
[(level)-3975.9(0.000)-3354.4(0.000)-3354.4(0.000)-3354.4(0.000)-3354.4(0.000)-3360.5(0.000)-3354.4(0.000)-3354.4(0.000)]TJ
-3.7727 -1.6498 TD
[(No)-334.7(weapon)-339.2(\(vs.)-333.4(gun\))]TJ
1.0008 -1.0129 TD
[(AOR)-6680.7(0.03)]TJ
7.0101 0 0 6.2305 167.5842 612.1699 Tm
(a)Tj
9.347 0 0 9.347 203.5842 608.0314 Tm
(0.39)Tj
7.0101 0 0 6.2305 219.9684 612.1699 Tm
(a)Tj
9.347 0 0 9.347 256.0251 608.0314 Tm
(0.06)Tj
7.0101 0 0 6.2305 272.3527 612.1699 Tm
(a)Tj
9.347 0 0 9.347 308.4093 608.0314 Tm
(0.18)Tj
7.0101 0 0 6.2305 324.7369 612.1699 Tm
(a)Tj
9.347 0 0 9.347 360.7936 608.0314 Tm
(0.39)Tj
7.0101 0 0 6.2305 377.1779 612.1699 Tm
(a)Tj
9.347 0 0 9.347 413.1779 608.0314 Tm
(0.26)Tj
7.0101 0 0 6.2305 429.5621 612.1699 Tm
(a)Tj
9.347 0 0 9.347 465.5621 608.0314 Tm
(0.50)Tj
7.0101 0 0 6.2305 481.9463 612.1699 Tm
(a)Tj
9.347 0 0 9.347 519.5338 608.0314 Tm
(0.64)Tj
-48.1895 -1.0129 TD
[(99.86%)-337.8(CI)-3034.5(\(0.03,)-329.7(0.04\))-858.7(\(0.20,)-335.7(0.73\))-852.6(\(0.02,)-335.7(0.18\))-852.6(\(0.06,)-335.7(0.55\))-852.6(\(0.17,)-335.7(0.88\))-858.7(\(0.15,)-329.7(0.45\))-858.7(\(0.31,)-335.7(0.79\))-852.6(\(0.32,)-335.7(1.26\))]TJ
-1.0008 -1.3344 TD
[(Body)-339(weapon)-333.1(\(vs.)-333.4(gun\))]TJ
1.0008 -1.0129 TD
[(AOR)-6680.7(0.05)]TJ
7.0101 0 0 6.2305 167.5842 580.7621 Tm
(a)Tj
9.347 0 0 9.347 205.1716 576.6235 Tm
[(1.00)-3854.4(1.25)-3860.5(1.25)-3854.4(1.54)-3854.4(1.51)-3854.4(1.48)-3854.4(1.48)]TJ
-14.5569 -1.0129 TD
[(99.86%)-337.8(CI)-3034.5(\(0.03,)-329.7(0.07\))-858.7(\(0.53,)-335.7(1.88\))-852.6(\(0.49,)-335.7(3.21\))-852.6(\(0.43,)-335.7(3.67\))-852.6(\(0.69,)-335.7(3.43\))-858.7(\(0.88,)-329.7(2.57\))-858.7(\(0.93,)-335.7(2.35\))-852.6(\(0.73,)-335.7(3.00\))]TJ
-1.0008 -1.3344 TD
[(Other)-341.2(weapon)-333.1(\(vs.)-333.4(gun\))]TJ
1.0008 -1.0129 TD
[(AOR)-6680.7(0.11)]TJ
7.0101 0 0 6.2305 167.5842 549.4109 Tm
(a)Tj
9.347 0 0 9.347 205.1716 545.2156 Tm
[(0.72)-3854.4(1.54)-3860.5(0.30)-3854.4(1.77)-3684.6(5.62)]TJ
7.0101 0 0 6.2305 429.5621 549.4109 Tm
(a)Tj
9.347 0 0 9.347 465.5621 545.2156 Tm
(2.33)Tj
7.0101 0 0 6.2305 481.9463 549.4109 Tm
(a)Tj
9.347 0 0 9.347 519.5338 545.2156 Tm
(1.03)Tj
-48.1895 -1.0069 TD
[(99.86%)-337.8(CI)-3034.5(\(0.07,)-329.7(0.16\))-858.7(\(0.31,)-335.7(1.68\))-852.6(\(0.53,)-335.7(4.45\))-852.6(\(0.06,)-335.7(1.50\))-852.6(\(0.70,)-335.7(4.46\))-858.7(\(3.21,)-329.7(9.84\))-858.7(\(1.41,)-335.7(3.84\))-852.6(\(0.44,)-335.7(2.42\))]TJ
/F9 1 Tf
8.7511 0 0 8.7511 67.748 517.7762 Tm
(n)Tj
/F5 1 Tf
.4988 0 TD
[(:)-334.4(n)0(o)-334.5(weapon)]TJ
/F6 1 Tf
5.228 0 TD
(=)Tj
/F5 1 Tf
.7191 0 TD
[(26,974;)-331.3(bodily)-327.4(weapon)]TJ
/F6 1 Tf
9.5297 0 TD
(=)Tj
/F5 1 Tf
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[(6,573;)-332.4(nongun)-329.9(external)-340.1(weapon)]TJ
/F6 1 Tf
13.0474 0 TD
(=)Tj
/F5 1 Tf
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[(1,290;)-326(gun)]TJ
/F6 1 Tf
4.5284 0 TD
(=)Tj
/F5 1 Tf
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(576.)Tj
-35.7023 -1.0236 TD
[(Logistic)-241.7(regressions)-246.2(to)-242.6(obtain)-244.3(the)-242.6(AORs)-246.9(took)-240.3(into)-245.5(account)-240.3(relationship)-245.9(variables)-240.1(\(married,)-246.8(breaking)-243(up,)-240(and)-243.9(former)-246.6(relationship\),)-245.9(offender)]TJ
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[(characteristics)-406(\(gender,)-395.6(race)-399.1(and)-399.3(ethnicity,)-397.6(age,)-396.7(on)-399.3(probation,)-397.5(and)-399.3(history)-394.4(of)-397.9(substance)-396.7(abuse\),)-403.1(victim)-396.1(characteristics)-399.5(\(gender,)-402.1(race)-399.1(and)]TJ
0 -1.0301 TD
[(ethnicity,)-287.5(and)-282.7(age\),)-290.4(whether)-285.3(witnesses)-284.8(were)-290(present)-287.9(\(any,)-282.8(children\),)-287.1(history)-284.3(of)-281.3(domestic)-290.9(violence)-283.2(\(prior)-285.4(history,)-286.9(prior)-281.6(DV)-287.3(reports)-285.3(to)-287.9(police,)]TJ
0 -1.0236 TD
[(and)-250.3(ever)-248.9(had)-243.9(a)-252.7(domestic)-245.6(violence)-250.8(restraining)-246.9(order\),)-245.2(and,)-246.5(to)-249.1(take)-249.1(missing)-242.8(data)-249.1(into)-245.5(account,)-249.4(a)-246.2()54.4(not)-245.3(ascertained)54()-250.1(category)-244.2(for)-246.3(each)-251.5(covariate.)]TJ
6.5633 0 0 5.8334 67.748 476.844 Tm
(a)Tj
/F9 1 Tf
8.7511 0 0 8.7511 70.696 472.9321 Tm
(p)Tj
/F6 1 Tf
.6673 0 TD
(<)Tj
/F5 1 Tf
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[(0.0014,)-329.9(the)]TJ
/F9 1 Tf
4.8912 0 TD
(p)Tj
/F5 1 Tf
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[(-level)-334.7(after)-335.7(correcting)-329.8(for)-337(multiple)-334.2(tests.)]TJ
-7.1132 -1.0236 TD
[(PFA,)-331.5(protection)-335.3(from)-333.4(abuse)-331.8(\(restraining\))-332.4(order.)]TJ
/F3 1 Tf
8.9663 0 0 8.9663 59.7543 749.7069 Tm
[(GUNS)-335.4(IN)-335.1(IPV:)-336.6(COMPARING)-336.6(INCIDENTS)-335.9(BY)-335.8(WEAPON)-334.7(TYPE)-24747.2(253)]TJ
ET
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BT
/F5 1 Tf
9.843 0 0 9.843 313.0582 725.1588 Tm
0 0 0 rg
0 Tc
0 Tw
(CI)Tj
/F6 1 Tf
1.1692 0 TD
(=)Tj
/F5 1 Tf
.72 0 TD
[(1.355.33\))-349.7(or)-342(a)-347.8(nongun)-352.2(external)-346.6(weapon)-349.6(\(AOR)]TJ
/F6 1 Tf
19.6521 0 TD
(=)Tj
/F5 1 Tf
.72 0 TD
(7.23;)Tj
-22.2613 -1.1174 TD
[(99.86%)-286.5(CI)]TJ
/F6 1 Tf
4.5329 0 TD
(=)Tj
/F5 1 Tf
.72 0 TD
[(3.5614.67\))-281.7(rather)-279.7(than)-282.2(a)-284.5(gun.)]TJ
/F10 1 Tf
8.9663 0 0 8.9663 313.0582 692.2203 Tm
[(Policy-related)-340.2(ndings)]TJ
/F5 1 Tf
9.843 0 0 9.843 323.0361 675.7794 Tm
[(Ofcers)-229.4(noted)-231.4(that)-224.7(a)-226.9(total)-231.7(of)-226.8(5.9%)-226.7(of)-226.8(those)-225.5(who)-228.8(used)-230(a)-226.9(gun)]TJ
-1.0137 -1.1116 TD
[(were)-243.7(under)-237(court)-237.2(supervision)-237.8(\(on)-233.7(probation)-241.7(or)-238.3(had)-234.9(a)-238.4(criminal)]TJ
T*
[(case)-474.2(pending\))-470.9(compared)-474.3(with)-472.1(3.1%)-468.6(of)-474.5(those)-467.4(who)-470.7(used)-471.9(a)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(nongun)-346.4(external)-346.6(weapon,)-347.3(3.9%)-341.9(of)-347.7(those)-346.4(who)-344(used)-345.2(a)-342.1(bodily)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(weapon,)-284(and)-280.9(1.9%)-284.3(of)-278.6(those)-283.1(who)-280.6(did)-279.9(not)-279.9(use)-280.7(a)-284.5(weapon.)-284(Of-)]TJ
T*
[(cers)-311.8(recorded)-317.5(Uniform)-309.4(Crime)-314.3(Reporting)-311.8(incident)-311(codes)-312.9(that)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(are)-247.5(a)-244.2(felony)-249.8(or)-244.1(are)-247.5(likely)-244.3(a)-244.2(felony)-244(\()]TJ
/F9 1 Tf
13.8924 0 TD
(e.g)Tj
/F5 1 Tf
1.198 0 TD
[(.,)-248.8(certain)-247.6(robberies\))-243.6(for)]TJ
-15.0904 -1.1116 TD
[(309)-348.9(of)-342(the)-344.4(incidents)-346.5(involving)-344.4(a)-347.8(gun.)-340.8(If)-342(the)-350.2(offenders)-346(were)]TJ
T*
[(found)-322.3(guilty,)-321.5(they)-322.5(would)-317.5(be)-320.1(prohibited)-323.6(by)-319(federal)-322.3(law)-322.3(from)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(purchasing)-284(and)-280.9(possessing)-288(a)-278.7(rearm.)]TJ
1.0137 -1.1116 TD
[(Pennsylvania)-333.4(law,)-325.7(passed)-331.1(in)-330.6(October)-327.8(2005,)-324.6(mandates)-336(the)]TJ
-1.0137 -1.1116 TD
[(removal)-391.5(of)-382.3(weapons)-390.9(under)-386.8(certain)-391.6(circumstances.)-387.5(The)-391.6(law)]TJ
T*
[(requir)-7.8(es)-325.7(the)-332.9(arresting)-329(ofcer)-331.3(to)-330.6()50.8(seize)-332.5(all)-327.3(weapons)-333.3(used)-327.9(by)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(the)-269.5(defendant)-266.9(in)-267.3(the)-269.5(commission)-267.9(of)-261.4(the)-269.5(alleged)-270.6(offense)46.7()-266(i)0(f)-261.5(a)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(probable-ca)-11.1(use)-344.1(arrest)-342.9(\()]TJ
/F9 1 Tf
9.325 0 TD
(i.e)Tj
/F5 1 Tf
.9792 0 TD
[(.,)-346.7(without)-343(a)-342.1(warrant\))-351.9(can)-345.5(be)-343.2(made)]TJ
-10.3041 -1.1116 TD
[(under)-404.1(certain)-403.1(statutes)-402.8(\()]TJ
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9.5669 0 TD
(e.g)Tj
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1.198 0 TD
[(.,)-398.5(simple)-400.7(assault\))-402.6(and)-401.9(the)-402(ofcer)]TJ
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[(has)-344.1(observed)-339.2()50.8(recent)-345.3(physical)-339.5(injury)-340.9(to)-342.1(the)-338.7(victim)-337.7(or)-342(other)]TJ
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[(corroborative)-311.7(evidence)42.9()-306.3([18)-164.5(Pa.)-311.9(Cons.)-302.4(Stat.)]TJ
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17.9933 0 TD
(x)Tj
/F5 1 Tf
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[(2711\(b\)].)-311.7(Ac-)]TJ
-18.7363 -1.1116 TD
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0 -1.1174 TD
[(arrested,)-320.9(a)-319(gun)-314.3(or)-319(guns)-315.2(were)-318.6(removed)-322.3(from)-316.6(6)-317.9(\(0.3%\))-315.2(of)-318.9(the)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(2,079)-341.9(who)-344(did)-337.5(not)-343.3(use)-338.3(a)-342.1(weapon,)-341.5(2)-340.9(\(0.3%\))-344(of)-342(the)-338.7(594)-343.1(who)]TJ
T*
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T*
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[(victim)-211(or)-209.5(shot)-211.7(a)-209.6(gun)-204.9(\()]TJ
/F9 1 Tf
8.3977 0 TD
(e.g)Tj
/F5 1 Tf
1.198 0 TD
[(.,)-208.4(eliminating)-212.2(cases)-210.2(in)-209.7(which)-209.3(a)-209.6(victim)]TJ
-9.5957 -1.1116 TD
[(said)-379.9(a)-382.4(gun)-371.9(was)-379.5(brandished\))-382.9(and)-378.8(the)-379(offender)-379.7(was)-379.5(arrested,)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(respon)-7.5(ding)-499.9(ofcers)-505(reported)-506.5(that)-501.2(they)-506.8(removed)-506.6(a)-503.4(gun)-498.6(in)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(44.8%)-285.4(of)-278.6(the)-281.1(incidents.)]TJ
1.0137 -1.1116 TD
[(Although)-297.9(federal)-305(law)-299.2(prohibits)-298.1(the)-298.3(possession)-299.5(of)-295.9(rearms)]TJ
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T*
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(5)Tj
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[(Whether)-214(the)]TJ
-19.3987 -1.1174 TD
[(courts)-485.7(ordered)-488(relinquishment)-485.8(and)-482.5(whether)-489.1(the)-482.7(restrained)]TJ
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[(person)-347.4(complied)-340.9(with)-345.4(a)-342.1(relinquishment)-341.8(order)-346.4(are)-339.7(not)-343.3(infor-)]TJ
T*
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T*
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0 -1.1174 TD
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[(partner)-223.2(assaults)-223.9(reported)-218.6(by)-221.1(women)-221.9(respondents)-221.5(in)-221.2(the)-217.7(2002)]TJ
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[(2011)-332.7(National)-334.9(Crime)-331.6(Victimization)-331.7(Surveys.)]TJ
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(16)Tj
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T*
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T*
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T*
[(the)-286.8(victim.)]TJ
1.0137 -1.1174 TD
[(In)-376.5(general,)-371.8(violent)-377.9(behaviors)-375(by)-376.6(the)-373.2(offender)-373.9(\(punching,)]TJ
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T*
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ET
76.422 56.693 .22678 675.893 re
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242.362 56.693 .28346 675.893 re
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105.052 56.693 .22676 675.893 re
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BT
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31.1595 1.0135 TD
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[(disarrayed)-2511.1(In)-336(pain)]TJ
13.0719 1.0135 TD
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(visible)Tj
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T*
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T*
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(2)Tj
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(test)Tj
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(p)Tj
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[(AOR)-6777.7(0.65)]TJ
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(a)Tj
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[(1.37)-4400.1(1.15)-4233.1(0.32)]TJ
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(0.48)Tj
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[(0.95)-4400.1(1.37)-4233.1(1.56)]TJ
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(a)Tj
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[(1.35)-4400.1(1.08)]TJ
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[(AOR)-6944.7(1.20)-4233.1(2.01)]TJ
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[(1.57)-4233.1(0.67)]TJ
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[(0.99)-4233.1(2.08)]TJ
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(3.41)Tj
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(4.26)Tj
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(2.14)Tj
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(a)Tj
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(4.03)Tj
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(n)Tj
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[(:)-334.5(n)0(o)-334.5(weapon)]TJ
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[(26,974;)-331.3(bodily)-327.4(weapon)]TJ
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[(6,573;)-332.4(nongun)-329.9(external)-340.1(we)5.4(apon)]TJ
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(=)Tj
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[(1,290;)-332.4(gun)]TJ
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58.6588 0 TD
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59.8636 0 TD
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[(level)-337.3(after)-335.7(correcting)-329.8(for)-337(multiple)-334.2(tests.)]TJ
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[(injuries,)-353.4(they)-345.5(were)-353.2(far)-344.2(more)-352.3(likely)-348(to)-347.9(have)-346.6(been)-352.3(threatened)]TJ
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[(and)-350(substantially)-356.7(more)-352.3(likely)-348(to)-347.9(be)-348.9(frightened.)-356.8(As)-325.4(a)-342.1(w)0(h)20(o)0(l)20.7(e)0(,)]TJ
T*
[(n)15.2(di)20.7(ng)20.8(s)-306.2(s)0(u)21(g)0(g)20.8(e)0(s)19.9(t)-306.5(th)20.7(at)-297.2(\(1)20.9(\))-306.3(p)0(e)19.7(r)0(s)21.1(o)0(n)15.1(s)-300.4(wh)20(o)-306.4(u)0(s)21(e)-307.5(a)-307.5(g)0(u)20.8(n)-300.6(ag)13.9(ai)19.6(ns)21(t)-306.5(t)0(h)20.7(e)0(i)19.5(r)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(in)15(ti)20.6(ma)18.4(te)-383.6(pa)19.7(rt)20.7(ne)19.7(rs)-382.1(ar)19.7(e)-393.9(l)0(e)19.6(s)0(s)-387.7(i)0(n)20.7(t)0(e)19.6(n)0(t)-382.5(o)0(n)-382.3(i)0(n)20.7()0(i)20.9(c)0(t)19.5(i)0(n)15(g)-387(ph)15.1(ys)21(ic)19.6(al)-383.6(ha)19.7(rm)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(th)15(an)-262.5(ar)19.7(e)-273(t)0(h)20.7(o)0(s)15.3(e)-273(wh)20(o)-271.8(u)0(s)15.3(e)-273(an)19.7(ot)20.7(he)19.7(r)-271.8(t)0(y)15(p)0(e)-262.5(o)0(f)-261.4(w)0(e)18.8(a)0(p)13.9(o)0(n)20.8(;)-271.9(\(2)20.9(\))-271.8(i)0(n)15(t)0(i)20.6(m)0(a)18.5(t)0(e)19.5(s)]TJ
T*
[(us)15.3(e)-399.7(a)-399.7(g)0(u)20.8(n)-404.3(to)-388.2(in)20.7(ti)20.6(mi)19.5(da)13.9(te)-389.4(an)19.7(d)-398.5(c)0(o)19.7(e)0(r)14(c)0(e)-390.4(\()]TJ
/F9 1 Tf
15.1365 0 TD
[(i.)18.4(e)]TJ
/F5 1 Tf
.9503 0 TD
[(.,)-387(to)-394(in)20.7(cr)19.7(ea)18.5(se)-394.8(vi)20.7(ct)19.6(im)]TJ
-16.0869 -1.1174 TD
[(co)13.9(m)15(p)0(l)15(i)0(a)19.5(n)0(c)19.7(e)-301.8(du)20.8(ri)15(ng)-290.2(an)-291.3(as)19.9(sa)14.1(ul)20.7(t\))20.7(,)-302.9(w)0(h)20(i)0(c)19.6(h)-300.6(re)14(su)21(lt)20.6(s)-300.4(i)0(n)-296.1(f)0(e)19.7(w)0(e)18.8(r)-300.6(vi)14.9(si)20.9(bl)20.7(e)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(in)15(ju)20.7(ri)20.7(es)-331.5(an)19.7(d)-340.9(g)0(r)20.9(e)0(a)18.5(t)0(e)13.8(r)-340.9(vi)20.7(ct)19.5(im)-331.9(fe)19.7(ar)19.7(;)-341(o)0(r)-330.5(\()0(3)20.9(\))-340.9(so)15.3(m)15(e)-342.1(co)19.7(mb)19.6(in)15(at)19.5(io)20.7(n)-340.9(o)0(f)]TJ
T*
[(th)15(e)-267.2(t)0(w)19.8(o)0(.)]TJ
1.0137 -1.1116 TD
[(Even)-358.1(when)-352(other)-358.1(offender)-356.6(behaviors)-357.7(\(punching,)-354.4(kicking,)]TJ
/F9 1 Tf
-1.0137 -1.1174 TD
(etc)Tj
/F5 1 Tf
1.1807 0 TD
[(.\))-257.9(are)-253.3(taken)-261.4(into)-258.1(account,)-256.7(offenders)-259.6(who)-257.6(use)-257.7(a)-255.7(gun)-256.7(against)]TJ
-1.1807 -1.1116 TD
[(an)-279.8(intimate)-277.8(partner)-280.8(are)-282.1(more)-277.5(likely)-278.9(to)-278.8(be)-274.1(gone)-282(when)-277.1(ofcers)]TJ
T*
[(arrive)-199.1(and,)-198(if)-192.4(still)-195.9(present,)-203.4(are)-195.7(more)-196.8(likely)-198.2(to)-192.4(be)-193.4(threatening)-200.3(on)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(the)-315.6(scene.)-311.7(Many)-317.5(of)-307.4(those)-317.6(who)-309.4(left)-311.1(the)-315.6(scene)-314.1(may)-311(well)-317.7(have)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(taken)-244.1(the)-240.7(gun)-239.5(with)-241.7(them.)-246.5(If)-238.3(an)-239.5(offender)-247.2(had)-240.6(left)-241.9(the)-240.7(scene,)-242.6(an)]TJ
T*
[(arrest)-233.4(was)-224(understandably)-232.1(less)-229.9(likely.)-224.7(The)-230.3(mandated)-226.8(removal)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(of)-370.8(weapons)-367.8(when)-369.3(the)-367.5(offender)]TJ
/F9 1 Tf
12.9651 0 TD
(was)Tj
/F5 1 Tf
1.918 0 TD
[(arrested,)-372.7(however,)-365.7(was)]TJ
-14.8831 -1.1116 TD
[(reported)-276.1(to)-273(have)-271.7(occurred)-277.2(in)-273(fewer)-273.6(than)-276.4(half)-270.6(of)-272.9(the)-269.5(incidents)]TJ
T*
[(that)-270.8(involved)-269.4(a)-267.2(gun.)-265.9(The)-270.6(lack)-271.8(of)-267.1(documented)-269.3(enforcement)-271.5(is)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(notable)-315.6(and)-309.7(merits)-314.3(research)-318.5(beyond)-313(one)-309.7(locale.)-319.1(In)-307.4(many)-312.1(ju-)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(risdictions,)-408.5(a)-399.7(substantial)-406.2(number)-406.4(of)-399.6(arrested)-403.8(domestic)-409.9(vio-)]TJ
T*
[(lence)-222.2(offenders)-225.1(are)-218.7(released)-226.5(shortly)-220.9(after)-221(arrest,)-219.6(and)-217.6(access)-224(to)]TJ
T*
[(a)-267.2(gun)-262.5(at)-262.7(that)-265(time)-260.5(could)-266(increase)-266.8(risk)-263.5(for)-262.4(victims.)-267.2(Additional)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(research)-289.7(is)-278.6(needed)-280.8(to)-284.5(explore)-280.8(that)-282.3(possibility.)]TJ
/F10 1 Tf
8.9663 0 0 8.9663 59.7543 116.8441 Tm
[(Strengths)-334.1(and)-335.7(limitations)]TJ
/F5 1 Tf
9.843 0 0 9.843 69.7323 100.4031 Tm
[(A)-197.8(key)-200.3(strength)-200.1(of)-198(the)-200.4(research)-203.3(is)-198(that)-195.9(it)-198.3(describes)-203.2(all)-200.6(calls)-198(to)]TJ
-1.0137 -1.1116 TD
[(police)-441.2(for)-435.2(one)-436.4(city)-432(for)-435.2(1)-433.1(year)-438.7(for)-435.2(an)-435.3(entire)-435.4(population)-438.8(of)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(community-residing)-261(persons.)-253.8(The)-253.3(data,)-252.2(from)-253.2(the)-252.3(fth-largest)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(U.S.)-297.8(city,)-291.5(included)-293.6(a)-296(large)-295.9(number)-291.2(of)-295.9(incidents)-294.7(that)-293.8(allowed)]TJ
T*
[(for)-417.9(the)-419.3(use)-419(of)-422.6(statistical)-419.2(techniques)-423.5(that)-420.5(take)-415.8(into)-419.4(account)]TJ
25.5097 36.7469 TD
[(multiple)-605(victim,)-606.1(perpetrator,)-606.7(and)-603.5(incident)-610.5(characteristics)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(along)-277.5(with)-282(the)-281.1(primary)-286.6(variable)-283.2(of)-278.6(interest,)-285.4(weapon)-280.5(use.)]TJ
1.0137 -1.1174 TD
-.0194 Tc
[(Th)-19.4(e)-287.7(a)-19.4(dm)-19.4(i)-5.7(n)-19.4(is)-19.4(tr)-19.4(at)-19.4(iv)-19.4(e)-287.7(d)-19.4(at)-19.4(a)-287.8(p)-19.4(ro)-19.4(vi)-19.4(de)-19.4(d)-287.7(a)-19.4(n)-287.7(e)-19.4(f)-19.4(ci)-19.4(en)-19.4(t)-286.7(a)-19.4(nd)-297(e)-19.4(c)-.9(o)-19.4(n)1.4(o)-19.4(m).2(-)]TJ
-1.0137 -1.1116 TD
0 Tc
[(ic)19.6(al)-199.3(me)18.4(an)19.7(s)-214(t)0(o)-198.2(s)0(t)15.1(u)0(d)20.8(y)-208.4(th)20.7(e)-215.4(t)0(o)20.7(p)0(i)20.7(c)0(.)-201.5(A)-209.3(ge)19.7(ne)19.7(ra)14(l)-208.6(p)0(o)20.8(p)0(u)20.8(l)0(a)13.8(t)0(i)20.6(o)0(n)-198(s)0(u)21(r)0(v)15.1(e)0(y)-199.2(o)0(f)-203.8(a)]TJ
T*
[(sa)19.9(mp)19.6(le)-228.1(of)-226.8(re)19.7(si)20.9(de)19.7(nt)14.9(s)-231.3(w)0(o)14.2(u)0(l)20.7(d)-237.2(be)-222.2(ne)13.9(ed)19.7(ed)-228(to)-221.2(be)-228(ab)19.7(le)-228.1(to)-227(es)19.9(ti)14.8(m)14.9(a)0(t)13.8(e)-232.6(al)19.5(l)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(gu)20.8(n)-202.7(u)0(s)21(e)-203.8(ag)19.7(ai)19.5(ns)15.3(t)-202.8(a)0(n)-193.4(i)0(n)20.7(t)0(i)20.6(m)0(a)18.4(t)0(e)-193.6(p)0(a)19.7(r)0(t)20.7(n)0(e)13.9(r)0(.)-188.8(C)0(o)19.8(n)0(d)15.1(u)0(c)19.7(t)0(i)20.6(n)0(g)-192.3(s)0(u)21(c)0(h)-193.4(a)-203.8(su)15.3(rv)20.9(ey)19.7(,)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(ei)19.5(th)20.7(er)-228(as)-222(a)-238.4(s)0(t)20.9(a)0(n)19.7(d)0(-)20.9(a)0(l)19.5(o)0(n)15.1(e)-232.6(su)21(rv)15.1(ey)-222.2(or)-226.8(as)-222(an)-228(ad)19.7(di)20.7(ti)20.6(on)-226.8(to)-221.2(an)-228(on)20.8(-g)20.9(oi)20.7(ng)]TJ
T*
[(su)21(rv)20.9(ey)19.7(,)-354.8(i)0(s)-336.2(p)0(o)15.1(s)0(s)21.2(i)0(b)20.7(l)0(e)-343.3(y)0(e)19.7(t)-352.6(ch)19.7(al)19.5(le)19.5(ng)20.8(in)20.7(g)-352.4(b)0(e)19.7(c)0(a)18.5(u)0(s)15.3(e)-347.8(of)-342(cu)19.7(rr)20.9(en)19.7(tl)14.8(y)-346.7(l)0(o)20.7(w)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(re)19.7(sp)21(on)20.8(se)-222(ra)14(te)19.6(s,)-217.4(a)-232.6(v)0(a)19.7(r)0(i)20.7(e)0(t)19.6(y)-231.5(of)-221(co)19.7(nc)19.7(er)14(ns)-220.9(re)19.7(la)19.5(te)19.6(d)-231.5(t)0(o)-221.2(s)0(e)19.9(l)0(f)20.7(-)0(r)20.9(e)0(p)13.9(o)0(r)20.9(t)0(,)-217.8(a)0(n)19.7(d)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
-.0199 Tc
[(t)-19.9(h).8(e)-264.1(c)-19.9(os)-19.9(t)-19.9(be)-19.9(ne)-19.9(t)-263(r)-19.9(a)-.2(t)-19.9(i).7(o)-262.9(o)-19.9(f)-252.5(s)-19.9(pe)-19.9(nd)-19.9(in)-19.9(g)-252.5(r)-19.9(es)-19.9(e)-5.8(a)-19.9(rc)-19.9(h)-247.9(d)-19.9(ol)-19.9(la)-19.9(rs)-262.7(o)-19.9(n)-246.7(a)-264.1(s)-19.9(ur)-19.9(ve)-19.9(y)]TJ
T*
0 Tc
[(wh)20(en)-262.6(a)-273(v)0(i)14.9(a)0(b)19.7(l)0(e)-262.7(a)0(l)19.5(t)0(e)19.6(r)0(n)15.1(a)0(t)19.6(i)0(v)20.7(e)-273(ex)19.7(is)20.9(ts)-267.1(to)-261.5(ad)19.7(dr)15.1(es)19.9(s)-271.6(a)-273(si)15.1(mi)19.5(la)19.5(r)-271.8(q)0(u)20.8(e)0(s)19.9(t)0(i)14.8(o)0(n)20.8(.)]TJ
T*
[(In)-186.5(ad)19.7(di)20.7(ti)20.6(on)15.1(,)-193.5(t)0(h)20.7(e)-198.1(da)19.7(ta)-187.8(al)19.5(lo)15(we)18.8(d)-196.9(u)0(s)-186.3(t)0(o)-186.6(d)0(e)19.7(s)0(c)19.9(r)0(i)15(b)0(e)-187.7(o)0(f)20.9()0(c)19.8(e)0(r)19.7(s)0()-186.3(s)0(e)14.1(l)0(f)20.7(-)0(r)20.9(e)0(p)19.7(o)0(r)20.9(t)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(of)-290.1(th)20.7(ei)19.5(r)-306.3(a)0(c)18.5(t)0(i)20.6(o)0(n)-290.2(i)0(n)-290.3(t)0(e)19.6(r)0(m)13.9(s)-300.4(of)-290.1(fo)20.9(ll)20.6(ow)14.2(in)20.7(g)-300.6(t)0(h)20.7(e)-301.8(le)19.6(ga)19.7(l)-306.5(m)0(a)18.4(n)0(d)20.8(a)0(t)19.5(e)-301.8(to)-290.3(re)19.7(-)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(mo)19.6(ve)-291.3(r)21(ea)18.5(rm)19.6(s)-306.2(w)0(h)20(e)0(n)-291.3(a)0(n)-291.3(a)0(r)19.7(r)0(e)19.7(s)0(t)-295.9(i)0(s)-290.1(m)0(a)18.4(d)0(e)19.7(,)-302.9(an)-291.3(ot)20.7(he)19.7(rw)20(is)15.1(e)-301.8(d)0(i)20.7(f)0()21(c)0(u)19.7(l)0(t)]TJ
T*
[(ph)20.8(en)19.7(om)19.6(en)19.7(on)-261.4(to)-261.5(ob)20.8(se)19.9(rv)20.9(e.)]TJ
1.0137 -1.1174 TD
[(The)-190(accuracy)-198.9(of)-192.2(the)-194.7(information)-193.4(the)-194.7(ofcers)-193.9(reported)-195.5(could)]TJ
-1.0137 -1.1116 TD
[(not)-533.3(be)-533.3(veried.)-531.8(Thus,)-533(for)-533.1(example,)-540.1(we)-534.1(cannot)-533.2(ascertain)]TJ
T*
[(whether,)-325.5(when)-329(an)-325.9(offender)-327.8(was)-327.7(arrested,)-326.6(a)-330.6(gun)-320.1(was)-327.7(present)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(and)-269.4(ofcers)-268.8(did)-268.4(not)-274.1(remove)-269.3(it)-267.4(or)-267.1(whether)-276(ofcers)-268.8(removed)-276.2(a)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(gun)-418(but)-418.1(did)-418.1(not)-418.1(record)-417.8(it.)-420.6(Nor)-413.1(can)-420.3(we)-418.9(ascertain)-423.5(the)-419.3(com-)]TJ
T*
[(pleteness)-353.1(of)-353.5(or)-353.5(potential)-358.3(systematic)-355.6(bias)-356.8(in)-353.7(the)-350.2(information)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(recorded.)-263.3(For)-262.3(example,)-263.7(an)-262.6(offender)-264.5(may)-264.9(have)-260.2(shaken)-267.9(his)-262.4(st)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(at)-216.6(but)-210.8(not)-216.5(hit)-216.7(the)-211.9(victim)-216.7(and)-217.6(the)-211.9(victim)-216.7(not)-216.5(reported)-218.6(the)-211.9(action)]TJ
T*
[(to)-180.9(an)-187.7(ofcer)-187.3(or)-180.7(the)-188.9(ofcer)-187.3(not)-182(recorded)-190.8(it)-181(on)-186.5(the)-183.1(form,)-187.6(whereas)]TJ
T*
[(victims)-200.4(may)-201.5(have)-202.6(been)-202.6(more)-202.6(likely)-204(to)-203.9(report)-197.9(and)-206.1(the)-200.4(ofcer)-204.5(to)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(record)-216.2(that)-213.2(a)-215.4(gun)-216.4(was)-212.5(pointed)-216.5(at)-216.6(them.)-217.7(The)-213(fact)-214.2(that)-218.9(offenders)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(were)-353.2(more)-358.1(likely)-353.7(to)-353.7(be)-354.7(threatening)-355.8(on)-353.5(the)-355.9(scene)-354.4(as)-354.5(well)-358(as)]TJ
T*
[(toward)-383.1(the)-384.7(victim)-383.8(suggests,)-381.6(however,)-382.9(that)-386(disproportionate)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(victim)-360.7(reporting)-356.9(\()]TJ
/F9 1 Tf
7.2975 0 TD
(i.e)Tj
/F5 1 Tf
.9791 0 TD
[(.,)-358.2(over-reporting\))-364.5(of)-359.3(threats)-361.4(with)-356.9(a)-359.4(gun)]TJ
-8.2767 -1.1116 TD
[(might)-312.3(not)-308.7(have)-312(occurred.)-315.2(The)-310.9(quantity)-309.9(and)-309.7(quality)-314.5(of)-307.4(avail-)]TJ
T*
[(able)-208.4(information)-210.7(can)-213(be)-204.9(expected)-215.2(to)-209.7(improve)-206(with)-212.9(further)-210.5(law)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(enforcement)-311.8(investigation,)-314.3(as)-308.4(would)-311.8(be)-308.6(the)-309.9(situation)-310.9(for)-308.5(the)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(subset)-186.1(of)-186.5(cases)-192.9(\(not)-183.1(identied)-191(in)-186.6(the)-188.9(on-the-scene)-190.5(reports\))-188.4(that)]TJ
T*
[(were)-284(assigned)-281.6(to)-278.8(detectives.)]TJ
ET
59.754 719.49 490.167 .22668 re
f
59.754 504.283 490.167 .22678 re
f
134.702 693.127 96.888 .22675 re
f
239.698 701.064 310.224 .28345 re
f
292.195 683.716 257.726 .22675 re
f
59.754 666.538 490.167 .22675 re
f
BT
/F8 1 Tf
9.845 0 0 9.845 104.485 725.1588 Tm
(Table)Tj
/F5 1 Tf
3.0002 0 TD
(5.)Tj
/F8 1 Tf
1.2496 0 TD
[(Observations)-335.6(on)-331.2(the)-338.1(Scene,)-331.8(All)-332(Incidents,)-336.9(by)-335.8(Weapon)-332.6(Involvement)]TJ
/F5 1 Tf
31.5395 0 TD
(\()Tj
/F11 1 Tf
.334 0 TD
(n)Tj
/F6 1 Tf
.7832 0 TD
(=)Tj
/F5 1 Tf
.7141 0 TD
(35,413\))Tj
/F9 1 Tf
9.347 0 0 9.347 166.507 698.91 Tm
(Property)Tj
22.6421 .9219 TD
(Offender)Tj
-25.6202 -2.7112 TD
(Furniture)Tj
-.2184 -1.0129 TD
(disarrayed)Tj
6.0047 1.0129 TD
(Property)Tj
-.0546 -1.0129 TD
(damaged)Tj
5.8895 1.0129 TD
[(Left)-331.4(the)]TJ
.4488 -1.0129 TD
(scene)Tj
16.1946 1.8621 TD
[(If)-332.2(present)]TJ
-10.669 -1.8621 TD
[(Polite)-2041.9(Cooperative)-1068.9(Apologetic)-2223.8(Angry)-2018.1(Threatening)]TJ
/F5 1 Tf
-26.0387 -1.9045 TD
[(Overall)-7006.9(3.6)-4372.6(7.6)-3863.1(48.9)-3866.5(46.9)-3975.7(56.8)-3969.6(15.4)-3866.5(26.8)-4442.7(5.5)]TJ
0 -1.0129 TD
[(No)-334.7(weapon,)-337.8(%)-3928.3(1.9)-4372.6(5.5)-3863.1(45.9)-3866.5(48.6)-3975.7(58.4)-3969.6(15.8)-3866.5(24.1)-4442.7(1.5)]TJ
T*
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T*
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[(try)-193.5(to)-192.4(defend)-193.2(themselves)-199.9(or)-186.5(ght)-194.4(back)-191(when)-196.5(a)-192.3(nongun)-190.9(weapon)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(was)-281.6(used)-276.1(but)-274.1(to)-273(acquiesce)-280.6(when)-277.1(a)-273(gun)-274(was)-275.8(used.)-279.5(Or)-273.7(perhaps)]TJ
T*
[(offenders)-202(using)-195.5(a)-192.3(nongun)-196.7(weapon)-194.1(were)-197.6(simply)-198(more)-196.8(intent)-192.5(on)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(assaulting)-376.2(the)-367.5(victim)-372.2(than)-368.6(were)-376.2(offenders)-369.1(using)-374.1(a)-365.1(gun.)-369.6(Al-)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(though)-289(study)-293.4(ndings)-289.7(suggest)-290.8(these)-290(possibilities,)-289.8(such)-293.4(ques-)]TJ
T*
[(tions)-282(cannot)-285.5(be)-279.8(tested)-285.5(in)-278.8(the)-281.1(data.)]TJ
/F10 1 Tf
8.9663 0 0 8.9663 59.7543 589.8896 Tm
(Implications)Tj
/F1 1 Tf
1.1128 -1.6123 TD
[(Clinical)-454.3(care.)]TJ
/F5 1 Tf
9.843 0 0 9.843 131.3008 575.4329 Tm
[(He)13(al)19.5(th)20.7(ca)18.5(re)-371.9(pr)20.9(ov)20.8(id)20.7(er)14(s)-375.3(r)0(e)14(s)0(p)21(o)0(n)20.8(d)-381.2(pr)20.9(im)19.5(ar)19.7(il)20.6(y)-381.2(t)0(o)]TJ
-7.2687 -1.1174 TD
[(th)15(e)-290.2(h)0(e)19.7(a)0(l)19.5(t)0(h)-284.6(p)0(r)20.9(o)0(b)20.8(l)0(e)19.5(m)-290.3(wi)19.8(th)-284.6(wh)20(ic)19.6(h)-289.1(t)0(h)15(e)0(y)-279.8(a)0(r)19.7(e)-290.2(pr)15.1(es)19.9(en)19.7(te)19.6(d)-289.1(a)0(n)13.9(d)0(,)-281(i)0(n)-278.8(t)0(h)20.7(e)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(ca)18.5(se)-417.9(of)-416.9(ac)18.5(ti)20.6(ve)-412.3(ba)13.9(tt)20.6(er)19.7(in)20.7(g,)-413.5(th)20.7(e)-428.5(a)0(c)18.5(u)0(t)20.7(e)-428.5(is)20.9(su)21(e)-428.5(l)0(i)20.6(k)0(e)19.7(l)0(y)-411.3(i)0(s)-416.8(a)0(n)-418.1(i)0(n)20.7(j)0(u)20.7(r)0(y)]TJ
T*
[(in)15(i)20.9(ct)19.5(ed)-285.6(by)-278.7(th)15(e)-290.2(a)0(b)19.7(u)0(s)15.3(e)0(r)19.7(s)0()-284.2(h)0(a)19.7(n)0(d)20.8(s)0(,)-280.8()0(s)15.4(t)0(s)20.9(,)-291.4(or)-284.4(fe)19.7(et)19.5(.)-297.2(O)0(u)20(r)-289(n)15.2(di)20.7(ng)20.8(s)-294.6(i)0(n)20.7(-)]TJ
T*
[(di)14.9(ca)18.5(te)-216.6(th)20.7(at)-216.6(wh)14.2(en)-216.5(a)-226.9(w)0(e)18.8(a)0(p)19.7(o)0(n)-221.1(o)0(t)20.7(h)0(e)19.7(r)-225.7(th)20.7(an)-222.2(a)-226.9(g)0(u)20.8(n)-225.7(is)-221(us)21(ed)19.7(,)-228.1(t)0(h)20.7(e)-226.9(ri)15(sk)-215.1(of)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(ph)15.1(ys)21(ic)19.6(al)-210.8(ha)19.7(rm)-210.7(is)-209.5(hi)20.7(gh)20.8(er)19.7(,)-222.3(p)0(e)19.7(r)0(h)20.9(a)0(p)19.7(s)0(,)-211.7(i)0(n)-209.7(p)0(a)19.7(r)0(t)20.7(,)-216.5(be)19.7(ca)18.5(us)15.3(e)-215.4(t)0(h)15(e)-215.4(po)15.1(te)19.6(nt)20.7(ia)19.6(l)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(vi)14.9(ct)19.5(im)-182.1(ch)19.7(oo)15.1(se)19.9(s)-196.7(t)0(o)-180.9(r)0(e)19.7(s)0(i)15.1(s)0(t)-186.4(o)0(r)-180.7()0(g)15.2(h)0(t)-180.9(b)0(a)19.7(c)0(k)13.9(,)-193.5(re)19.7(su)21(lt)20.6(in)15(g)-191.2(i)0(n)-186.6(f)0(u)20.9(r)0(t)20.7(h)0(e)13.9(r)-191.1(ha)19.7(rm)19.6(.)]TJ
1.0137 -1.1116 TD
[(The)-443.4(presence)-439.5(of)-439.9(a)-440(gun)-435.3(might)-439(be)-441.1(associated)-441.8(with)-443.3(lesser)]TJ
-1.0137 -1.1174 TD
[(injury)-208.4(than)-207.3(another)-211.7(weapon,)-209.1(but)-205(it)-204(portends)-211.5(ill)-205.3(for)-204.8(the)-211.9(woman.)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(Guns)-247(can)-241.8(facilitate)-252.4(a)-244.2(condition)-241.9(known)-242.5(as)-245.1(coercive)-249.7(control,)-242.9(in)]TJ
T*
[(which)-543.3(an)-539(abuser)-538.6(dominates)-543.4(and)-540.1(intimidates)-540.3(his)-538.9(intimate)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
(partner.)Tj
7.3823 0 0 6.5614 90.2551 459.2692 Tm
(17)Tj
9.843 0 0 9.843 102.2173 454.8471 Tm
[(Women)-465.2(living)-467.8(under)-461.7(chronic)-470.9(threat)-464.2(can)-466.4(be)-464.1(ex-)]TJ
-4.314 -1.1116 TD
[(pected)-257.9(to)-255.8(have)-254.4(a)-249.9(high)-258(allostatic)-256.9(load)-253.4(that)-253.5(has)-257.7(been)-254.4(associated)]TJ
T*
[(with)-253.2(multiple)-247.9(negative)-254.5(health)-251.1(outcomes.)-251.9(Inquiring)-246.3(about)-248.7(gun)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(involvement)-396.2(in)-382.5(incidents)-392.6(of)-388.1(IPV)-389.9(will)-391.6(provide)-389.1(the)-390.5(clinician)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(with)-391.4(a)-388.2(greater)-391.4(understanding)-391.1(of)-388.1(the)-390.5(circumstances)-395.6(that)-386(the)]TJ
T*
[(woman)-285.2(routinely)-282.1(navigates.)]TJ
1.0137 -1.1116 TD
[(Physicians)-237.7(practicing)-239.5(in)-232.7(Florida)-233.6(likely)-238.5(are)-236(aware)-234.5(of)-232.6(a)-238.4(2011)]TJ
-1.0137 -1.1174 TD
[(state)-434.1(law)-431.7(restricting)-435.2(physician)-438.5(inquiries)-431.7(about)-433(guns)-430.4(in)-428.5(the)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(home.)-188.8(It)-192.4(includes)-189.8(an)-187.7(exception)-192.2(for)-187.5(circumstances)-194(in)-186.6(which)-186.2(the)]TJ
T*
[(physician)-231.2()50.8(in)-228(good)-229(faith)-231.5(believes)-231.2(this)-229.1(information)-227.9(is)-226.8(relevant)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(to)-422.8(the)-425(patients)-427.1(medical)-427.4(care)-428.3(or)-422.6(safety)-429.3(or)-422.6(to)-422.8(the)-425.1(safety)-423.5(of)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(others.)45.4()]TJ
7.3823 0 0 6.5614 92.4094 338.6834 Tm
(18)Tj
9.843 0 0 9.843 102.5574 334.318 Tm
[(Abuse)-283.8(is)-278.6(likely)-284.6(one)-280.9(of)-278.6(those)-283.1(circumstances.)]TJ
-3.3349 -1.1116 TD
[(Th)19.6(er)19.7(e)-301.8(h)0(a)19.7(s)-294.6(be)19.7(en)-291.3(re)19.7(la)19.5(ti)20.6(ve)19.7(ly)-290.3(li)20.6(tt)20.6(le)-291.5(di)20.7(sc)19.9(us)21(si)15.1(on)20.8(,)-297.2(l)0(e)19.6(t)-295(al)19.5(on)20.8(e)-301.8(a)0(g)19.7(r)0(e)19.7(e)0(-)]TJ
-1.0137 -1.1174 TD
[(me)18.4(nt)15(,)-372(a)0(b)19.7(o)0(u)20.8(t)-369.8(wh)14.2(at)-360.6(ph)20.8(ys)15.3(ic)19.6(ia)19.6(ns)-364.9(sh)21(ou)20.8(ld)-365.2(do)-359.3(ne)19.7(xt)14.9(.)-372(O)0(p)20(t)0(i)20.6(o)0(n)20.8(s)-375.3(ra)19.7(ng)20.8(e)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(fr)15.1(om)-418.1(no)15.1(th)20.7(in)20.7(g)-433.1(\()0(r)20.9(e)0(c)18.5(o)0(r)20.9(d)-433.1(th)20.7(e)-434.2(i)0(n)20.7(f)0(o)15.1(r)0(m)19.7(a)0(t)19.6(i)0(o)20.7(n)-433.1(in)-422.8(th)20.7(e)-434.2(c)0(h)19.7(a)0(r)19.7(t)-433.2(on)20.8(ly)20.7(\))-433(t)0(o)]TJ
T*
[(in)15(fo)20.9(rm)19.6(in)20.7(g)-208.4(t)0(h)20.7(e)-203.8(wo)14.2(ma)18.4(n)-202.7(a)0(b)19.7(o)0(u)15.1(t)-202.8(la)19.6(ws)-198.7(an)19.7(d)-208.4(p)0(r)20.9(o)0(c)19.7(e)0(d)19.7(u)0(r)15.1(e)0(s)-193.2(b)0(y)-198(w)0(h)20(i)0(c)19.5(h)-208.4(he)19.7(r)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(ab)13.9(us)21(er)-187.6(ca)18.5(n)-196.9(b)0(e)-187.7(p)0(r)20.9(e)0(v)19.7(e)0(n)19.7(t)0(e)13.8(d)-196.9(fr)20.9(om)-187.7(pu)20.8(rc)19.7(ha)19.7(si)15.1(ng)-186.5(an)19.7(d)-196.9(p)0(o)20.8(s)0(s)21.2(e)0(s)14.1(s)0(i)20.9(n)0(g)-186.5(a)-198.1(gu)20.8(n)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(to)-250(en)19.7(co)13.9(ur)20.9(ag)19.7(in)20.7(g)-260.3(h)0(e)19.7(r)-260.2(to)-250(ge)19.7(t)-260.4(h)0(e)19.7(r)-254.5(ow)14.2(n)-254.5(g)0(u)15.1(n)0(.)-246.4(\()0(I)20.9(n)-260.3(te)19.6(rm)19.6(s)-260.1(o)0(f)-249.8(t)0(h)20.7(e)-261.4(la)19.6(tt)20.6(er)19.7(,)]TJ
T*
[(no)15.1(te)-481.5(th)20.7(at)-487.3(th)20.7(e)-497.6(b)0(e)19.7(s)0(t)-480.2(a)0(v)13.9(a)0(i)19.5(l)0(a)19.6(b)0(l)20.7(e)-497.6(re)19.7(se)19.9(ar)19.7(ch)-487.2(sh)21(ow)20(s)-496.2(t)0(h)20.7(a)0(t)-487.3(w)0(o)20(m)0(e)18.4(n)0()20.9(s)]TJ
T*
[(pu)15.1(rc)19.7(ha)19.7(se)-377.5(of)-370.8(a)-388.2(h)0(a)19.7(n)0(d)20.8(g)0(u)20.8(n)-387(is)-376.5(as)19.9(so)21(ci)19.5(at)19.5(ed)-377.7(wi)19.8(th)-376.7(a)-382.4(s)0(u)15.3(b)0(s)21(e)0(q)19.7(u)0(e)19.7(n)0(t)-376.7(a)0(n)19.7(d)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(la)13.8(st)20.9(in)20.7(g)-415.8(i)0(n)20.7(c)0(r)19.7(e)0(a)18.5(s)0(e)-406.3(i)0(n)-405.5(t)0(h)20.7(e)0(i)13.8(r)-410(ri)15(sk)-405.2(of)-405.3(be)19.7(co)19.7(mi)19.5(ng)-405.4(a)-417(v)0(i)20.7(c)0(t)19.5(i)0(m)-406.7(o)0(f)-405.3(b)0(o)20.8(t)0(h)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(ho)15.1(m)15(i)0(c)13.8(i)0(d)20.7(e)-267.2(an)13.9(d)-266(s)0(u)15.3(i)0(c)19.6(i)0(d)20.7(e)0(.)]TJ
7.3823 0 0 6.5614 144.9637 229.096 Tm
-.0162 Tc
(19)Tj
9.843 0 0 9.843 152.1637 224.7307 Tm
0 Tc
(\))Tj
-8.3746 -1.1116 TD
[(Educating)-319(physicians)-318.5(about)-317.8(relevant)-317.8(laws)-317.4(can)-316.7(be)-314.4(helpful;)]TJ
-1.0137 -1.1174 TD
[(for)-343.1(example,)-338.5(a)-336.3(recent)-344.3(article)]TJ
7.3823 0 0 6.5614 173.9905 207.2125 Tm
(20)Tj
9.843 0 0 9.843 184.7054 202.7905 Tm
[(debunks)-337(the)-338.7(idea)-340.9(that)-339.9(physi-)]TJ
-12.6944 -1.1116 TD
[(cians)-243.9(in)-238.5(some)-242.8(states)-239.2(are)-241.7(barred)-239.3(from)-241.7(asking)-238.1(about)-243(guns)-234.6(in)-238.5(the)]TJ
T*
[(home)-329.3(and)-327(suggests)-326.3(when)-329(such)-322.2(questions)-327.7(might)-329.5(be)-325.9(most)-322.4(ap-)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(propriate.)-315.4(Another)-315.1(recent)-315.5(article)-316.8(suggests)-314.8(that)-316.9(most)-310.8(patients)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(would)-277.2(be)-274.1(receptive:)-275.2(a)-278.7(majority)-276.5(of)-272.9(individuals,)-276.2(including)-270.7(gun)]TJ
T*
[(owners,)-328.6(believe)-322.5(that)-328.4(it)-319.2(is)-324.7(at)-326(least)-324.7(sometimes)-325.6(appropriate)-326.8(for)]TJ
T*
[(physicians)-404.9(to)-394(ask)-401.7(about)-398.5(guns)-401.6(in)-394(the)-402(home.)]TJ
7.3823 0 0 6.5614 234.3117 141.4488 Tm
(21)Tj
9.843 0 0 9.843 245.6503 137.0834 Tm
[(Although)-395.8(the)]TJ
-18.8861 -1.1174 TD
[(process)-211.2(can)-207.2(be)-205(anticipated)-207.4(to)-203.9(be)-204.9(somewhat)-209(lengthy,)-202.6(physician)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(organizations)-380.8(are)-368.5(encouraged)-378.5(to)-370.9(begin)-369.7(discussions)-375.6(so)-370.6(as)-371.8(to)]TJ
T*
[(arrive)-285.5(at)-280(a)-284.5(standard)-281.7(of)-278.6(practice.)]TJ
/F1 1 Tf
8.9663 0 0 8.9663 69.7323 78.463 Tm
[(Partners)-296.6(in)-298.6(prevention.)]TJ
/F5 1 Tf
9.843 0 0 9.843 168.8881 78.463 Tm
[(Police)-245.2(are)-247.5(the)-246.5(most)-247.5(common)-246.4(rst)]TJ
-11.0874 -1.1116 TD
[(responders)-266.3(in)-255.8(IPV.)-260.8(Victims)-258.8(typically)-260.4(call)-260.4(the)-258(police,)-266.1(and)-257.9(call)]TJ
T*
[(repeatedly,)-382.2(in)-370.9(an)-372(attempt)-380.3(to)-370.9(get)-373.2(their)-375.5(partner)-373(to)-376.7(stop)-373(being)]TJ
25.5097 67.9242 TD
[(violent.)-197(Calls)-197.8(for)-193.3(police)-199.3(assistance)-199.7(\()49.7(911)52.2()-196.9(calls\))-199(typically)-197.1(are)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(made)-416.9(long)-413.5(before)-417.8(there)-416.9(is)-416.8(a)-417(domestic)-421.4(violence)-415.7(restraining)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(order)-248.5(or)-244.1(a)-244.2(domestic)-248.6(violence)-248.7(misdemeanor)-248.4(conviction.)-253.3(Thus,)]TJ
T*
[(law)-310.7(enforcement)-311.8(work)-310.5(can)-310.9(be)-308.6(a)-313.3(useful)-307.2(point)-311(of)-307.4(intervention)]TJ
T*
[(and)-280.9(prevention.)]TJ
1.0137 -1.1174 TD
[(Certain)-379.9(potentially)-383.7(helpful)-383.5(ofcer)-383.1(actions)-384.5(occur,)-379.9(at)-383.6(least)]TJ
-1.0137 -1.1116 TD
[(according)-290(to)-290.3(the)-286.8(report)-290.1(of)-290.1(the)-286.8(ofcers)-291.8(themselves,)-295.5(less)-287.5(often)]TJ
T*
[(than)-466.5(would)-467.3(be)-464.1(ideal:)-470.1(ofcers)-470.4(reported)-466.2(that)-472.4(they)-466.5(provided)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(about)-329.3(one-fourth)-329(of)-324.7(the)-327.1(victims)-327.1(with)-328.1(a)-330.6(community)-330.6(resource)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(card)-191(\(an)-194.5(action)-193.5(mandated)-198(by)-192.3(Department)-195.4(directive\),)-196.8(one-sixth)]TJ
T*
[(with)-391.4(the)-396.2(phone)-398.3(number)-394.9(for)-394.9(victim-assistance)-400.2(services,)-401.3(and)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(one-tenth)-317.7(with)-316.6(information)-320.1(about)-312.1(the)-315.6(domestic)-323.5(violence)-317.8(ad-)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(vocate.)-434.1(Ofcers)-436.7(reported)-437.4(telling)-435.6(about)-433(half)-437.6(of)-434.1(the)-436.6(victims)]TJ
T*
[(about)-398.5(protection)-405.4(from)-403(abuse)-405.1(orders,)-402.6(the)-402(option)-398.5(that)-403.2(would)]TJ
T*
[(require)-280.8(the)-281.1(most)-282(effort)-284.3(for)-279.7(victims)-281(\()]TJ
/F9 1 Tf
14.3877 0 TD
(e.g)Tj
/F5 1 Tf
1.198 0 TD
[(.,)-283.3(ling)-276.3(a)-284.5(petition)-281.2(and)]TJ
-15.5858 -1.1174 TD
[(appearing)-405.2(before)-412(a)-405.4(judge\))-405.3(but)-406.6(would,)-401.6(if)-405.5(certain)-408.8(orders)-410.7(are)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(issued,)-385.3(prohibit)-389.3(the)-390.5(abuser)-388.9(from)-385.7(being)-386.9(able)-387(to)-388.2(legally)-390.6(pur-)]TJ
T*
[(chase)-262.2(and)-257.9(possess)-255.8(a)-261.4(gun.)-260.2(And,)-255.3(nally,)-259(ofcer)-262.1(documentation)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(of)-198(the)-200.4(enforcement)-208.1(of)-198(state)-203.7(law)-201.3(regarding)-202.4(the)-200.4(removal)-207.2(of)-198(guns)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(at)-280(the)-281.1(scene)-285.3(can)-282.1(be)-279.8(improved.)]TJ
/F1 1 Tf
8.9663 0 0 8.9663 320.8251 494.9857 Tm
(Policy.)Tj
/F5 1 Tf
9.843 0 0 9.843 356.0881 494.9857 Tm
[(Understanding)-449.5(the)-448.1(scope)-451.1(of)-445.7(gun)-446.8(possession)-455(by)]TJ
-4.5962 -1.1174 TD
[(abusers)-257.3(might)-254.7(encourage)-256.4(some)-260(legislatures)-258.7(to)-250(exten)-8(d)-248.8(rearm)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(purchase)-645.6(and)-643.8(possession)-650.9(prohibitions)-641.3(to)-647.4(emergency)-649.3(re-)]TJ
T*
[(straining)-425.9(orders.)-425.6(Although)-424.6(a)-428.5(womans)-425.5(risk)-424.8(of)-428.4(homicide)-427.3(is)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(highest)-187.5(when)-185(she)-182.8(is)-186.4(trying)-185.4(to)-180.9(end)-188.8(the)-183.1(relationship,)]TJ
7.3823 0 0 6.5614 501.6188 455.5274 Tm
(22)Tj
9.843 0 0 9.843 510.803 451.1054 Tm
[(most)-184.1(state)]TJ
-20.3145 -1.1116 TD
[(laws)-288.6(regarding)-288.8(restraining)-291(orders)-289.7(are)-287.8(consistent)-289.8(with)-293.5(federal)]TJ
T*
[(law,)-354.5(which)-359(limits)-359.5(the)-361.7(prohibitions)-359.1(to)-353.7(only)-355.9(certain)-362.8(domestic)]TJ
T*
[(violence)-461.8(restraining)-469.6(orders)-462.5(and)-459.5(emergency)-465(orders)-462.5(are)-466.4(not)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(among)-278.6(them.)]TJ
1.0137 -1.1116 TD
[(It)-278.8(is)-278.6(important)-283.4(to)-278.8(know)-281.7(how)-280.6(laws)-282.8(related)-282.1(to)-284.5(guns)-280.7(and)-280.9(IPV)]TJ
-1.0137 -1.1116 TD
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0 -1.1174 TD
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[(evaluations)-361.4(of)-353.5(the)-361.7(aforementioned)-361.3(laws)-357.7(designed)-362.4(to)-353.7(reduce)]TJ
T*
[(abusers)-298.7(access)-298.9(to)-290.3(guns)-298(document)-294.7(modest)-296.9(effects.)]TJ
7.3823 0 0 6.5614 508.762 356.8818 Tm
(2326)Tj
9.843 0 0 9.843 530.1353 352.5164 Tm
(Each)Tj
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0 -1.1116 TD
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/F3 1 Tf
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(Conclusion)Tj
/F5 1 Tf
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0 -1.1174 TD
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0 -1.1116 TD
[(frightened.)-402.9(Medicine)-405.1(and)-401.9(public)-399.7(health)-400.9(focus)-403.9(primarily)-404.3(on)]TJ
T*
[(physical)-374.1(injuries)-378.8(\(both)-374.2(fatal)-376.7(and)-373.1(nonfatal\))-375.3(to)-376.7(document)-375.4(the)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(nature)-279.7(and)-275.2(scope)-278.3(of)-278.6(gun)-274(violence.)-280.9(Such)-276.1(a)-278.7(focus)-277.2(may)-276.4(need)-283.2(to)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
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T*
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0 -1.1174 TD
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0 -1.1116 TD
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/F3 1 Tf
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0 -1.1116 TD
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T*
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0 -1.1116 TD
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T*
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0 -1.1174 TD
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0 -1.1116 TD
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T*
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/F3 1 Tf
8.9663 0 0 8.9663 59.7543 749.7069 Tm
[(GUNS)-335.4(IN)-335.1(IPV:)-336.6(COMPARING)-336.6(INCIDENTS)-335.9(BY)-335.8(WEAPON)-334.7(TYPE)-24747.2(257)]TJ
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/F3 1 Tf
8.9663 0 0 8.9663 62.022 692.277 Tm
[(Author)-338.7(Disclosure)-330.4(Statement)]TJ
/F5 1 Tf
9.843 0 0 9.843 72 675.8361 Tm
[(No)-279.5(competing)-284.4(nancial)-283.1(interests)-282.9(exist.)]TJ
/F3 1 Tf
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(References)Tj
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1.2503 -1.1284 TD
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0 -1.1223 TD
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0 -1.1284 TD
[(partment)-656.8(of)-655.2(Justice,)-659.2(National)-656(Institute)-657.3(of)-655.2(Justice,)-653.1(and)]TJ
0 -1.1223 TD
[(Centers)-423.7(for)-419.8(Disease)-421.5(Control)-421.7(and)-419.4(Prevention,)-422.7(2000:Report)]TJ
0 -1.1284 TD
[(No.)-331.3(NCJ)-335.3(181867.)]TJ
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1.2503 -1.1284 TD
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[(.census.g)-15.8(o)14.4(v/quickfacts/tabl)]TJ
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1.2503 -1.1284 TD
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1.2503 -1.1284 TD
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0 -1.1223 TD
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1.2503 -1.1284 TD
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1.2503 -1.1284 TD
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0 -1.1223 TD
[(Trauma)-336.3(Violence)-337.5(Abuse)-335(2016)-336([Epub)-334.3(ahead)-330.5(of)-338.1(print].)]TJ
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[(8.)-500.4(Zeoli)-359.4(AM,)-361.1(Malinski)-361.9(R,)-358.8(Turchan)-367.4(B.)-358.8(Risks)-356.9(and)-364.5(targeted)-362.6(in-)]TJ
1.2503 -1.1223 TD
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0 -1.1284 TD
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1.2503 -1.1284 TD
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0 -1.1284 TD
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1.7505 -1.1223 TD
[(Campbell)-244.6(JC.)-248.2(Risk)-241.8(for)-242.9(reassault)-245.1(in)-243.7(abusive)-245.8(female)-246.6(same-sex)]TJ
0 -1.1284 TD
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1.7505 -1.1284 TD
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25.2569 54.4113 TD
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